Fasting as a Pillar of Islam

The importance of fasting among Muslims cannot be overemphasized. Fasting is one of the Five Pillars of Islam and should be performed by healthy adults – except pregnant women, menstruating women, the elderly and the infirm – during the month of Ramadan. Fasting during this period constitutes abstinence from eating solid food and even liquids during daylight hours, smoking, getting into intimate relations and getting into an argument. Muslims perform this sacred obligation to purify themselves and renew their faith.

Hari Raya Puasa the Best Time to Enjoy KL and Jakarta

Hari Raya Puasa is a national holiday in Malaysia. As with any Islamic holiday, exact dates are determined by the local sighting of the new moon. In 2016, it is expected to fall on Wednesday-Thursday, July 6-7. The same dates are going to be observed in Indonesia. In Singapore, it is celebrated as a one-day national holiday on July 6.

Although Hari Raya Puasa is a two-day holiday in Malaysia, locals normally take an entire week off to celebrate. The same can be said of celebrations in Indonesia, although the emphasis is more on the week preceding Lebaran.

Kampong Glam or Arab Street, where Arab traders settled during the founding of Singapore, is bedecked with lighting and holiday decors and bustling with brisk sales of textiles, crafts and traditional food like popular Malay cakes “kueh-kueh” or “ondeh-ondeh.”

In the Philippines, the end of Ramadan is business as usual in the capital city, Manila, and provincial cities, save for pockets of Muslim communities who observe the day. The largest Eid “salat” prayers are performed in the open space of the Luneta Grandstand. In Mindanao, home to Muslim-majority population, similar rites are performed. Muslim families typically invite non-Muslim neighbors to share their food much like Catholics invite one another to enjoy the banquet during “fiestas.”

Mass Exodus to the Provinces on the Occasion of Hari Raya Puasa

During the holidays, families go back home to their provinces for reunions in a tradition known as “balik kampung.” Domestic travel can get very busy on the days leading to Hari Raya Puasa, so keep in mind to minimize unnecessary travel during this period to avoid inconveniences (unless you want to get a good feel of this celebration to understand how it shapes the Malay culture, then you can endure hours and hours of heavy traffic).

On the other hand, this may also be the best time to enjoy Kuala Lumpur – which could be gridlocked on any other day – as KLites make an exodus to spend the holidays with their families and friends. Muslim hawker stalls and businesses are closed during Hari Raya Puasa. Malls and other businesses usually remain open.

As with any major Indonesian holiday, the tradition of going back to their families of birth is still practiced in Jakarta and even in major capital cities in the Philippines. In Jakarta, in particular, this “mudik” or mass exodus means impossible traffic in major thoroughfares as literally millions of city dwellers beat each other for transport home. This opens up the Indonesian capital and ease things a bit for tourists who would otherwise find Jakarta a stifling city on regular days.

Hari Raya Puasa Family Traditions

The post-Ramadan holiday starts with “Solat Sunat Aidilfitri.” Families put on their new clothes and troop early in the morning to the nearest mosques for these Hari Raya prayer congregations, and then visit the graves of departed family members for an offering of “doa” (prayer verses).

Hari Raya Puasa is a time for reconciliation, so family members (especially younger ones) seek forgiveness of sins from each other (particularly from the elderly), invoking the atonement “Maaf Zahir Batin” during house visits to relatives and friends.

For children, Hari Raya Puasa is a day of receiving gifts. Elders prepare “duit raya” or crisp bills inserted in colorful packets, similar to the Chinese New Year tradition of receiving “ang pao.”

Communal Celebration of Hari Raya Puasa

Hari Raya Puasa is a festive, colorful and communal celebration, in keeping with the spirit of reunion, renewal and reconciliation.

Business picks up on the days leading to Hari Raya Puasa as families shop for new clothes and items in preparation for the festivity. Houses are thoroughly cleaned and households burn oil lamps, supposedly to welcome the angels that pay families a visit before the start of the festival.

Streets, establishments and edifices are ablaze with multi-colored lights and adornments that make the occasion a real celebration after a long period of abstinence. The lit-up scenario is similar to the Western world’s celebration of Christmas holidays.

Non-Muslim Malays visit their Muslim brothers and sisters during “open houses,” as a sign of respect and as an act of renewing relationships to keep them strong. Even the Prime Minister puts out an open house, an open invitation to all – including tourists – to break bread with everyone. Thus, it is during the holidays that one gets to enjoy all the native Malay delicacies – ketupat, rendang, nasi impit, lemang, biskut raya – while striking friendships with the locals and getting immersed in Malaysia’s religious customs.

In Indonesia, the communal atonement involving not only close family and friends but also business associates, is known as “halal-bihalal,” a mutual begging of pardon and forgiving of slights. In the villages, families pay house visits to relatives and friends to personally beseech the other by saying “Mohon Maaf Lahir dan Batin” (forgive my physical and emotional wrongdoings). The traditional dish “ketupat” is also shared during the feast and children likewise receive gifts from their elders during the occasion.

Photo by Choo Yut Shing

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The celebrations will kick off on June 7, 2013 and culminate on the anniversary of the UNESCO inscription itself.

This month-long event will feature a blend of local creative talents and world-class performers while showcasing Penang’s rich heritage and blossoming cultural scene.

There will be plenty of ticketed and free admission events, but here are the top 5 much-anticipated ticketed performances you may want to consider.

1) I Musici

If you have always pined for chamber music, a night with I Musici will not disappoint. You will be soothed with I Musici’s cover of Italian composers or uplifted particularly by Vivaldi’s evocative “Four Seasons.” At the very least, an audience with this musical group will inspire you to start a love affair with classical music or perhaps even move you to take up an instrument yourself. The event will be held on June 7 at 8:30 in the evening in Dewan Sri Pinang. Admission is available at RM60, RM80, and RM100. Students can avail tickets for only RM20 while senior citizens get a 50% discount on their tickets.

2) Sutra

Chinese martial arts have always looked fluid as if the repertory of hand-and-feet-movements is made for theater and not for defense. Who better to demonstrate that martial arts can just be plain art itself than 17 monks from the original Shaolin Temple? Sutra, choreographed by Flemish-Moroccan Sidi Larbi Cherkaoui, is a physically intense dance performance deeply rooted in Buddhist spirituality. The dance involves the use of 21 wooden boxes, created in collaboration with Antony Gormley, which reflects a changing stage and upon which the dancers stand on. This event will run from June 29 to 30 at 8:30 in the evening at Dewan Sri Pinang. The same rates as the I Musici apply, including the discounted rate for senior citizens.

3) Pro Musica Mini Concert

The Pro Musica Mini Concert features four opera stars namely Julie Mossay, a soprano; Ines Madeira, a mezzo soprano; Enrico Casari, a tenor; and Laurent Kubla, a bass/baritone. They will be accompanied by Master Class students of voice and music in the region who will be performing solo recitals and repertoires. Slated on July 4 at 8:30 P.M. at the MPPP Town Hall, admission fee is only RM30 for general audience and RM10 for students. Senior citizens will also enjoy a 50% discount.

4) A Night of Comedy with Kumar

Stand-up comedy is getting mainstream reputation as an art, thanks to quick-witted, no-holds-barred comedians who make people fall off their seats laughing. Kumar, a stand-up comedian, actor, host and drag queen who climbed the ranks from performing in nightclubs will put the audience in stitches as he dishes his best on June 20 at 8:30 PM at the E&O Hotel Grand Ballroom. The event is sponsored by CausewayExchange.

5) Pro Musica Gala Concert

The transcendental music of Handel, Mozart, Bellini, Donizetti, Bizet, Delibes, and Rossini will fill the air as opera singers Julie Mossay (soprano), Ines Madeira (mezzo soprano), Enrico Casari (tenor) and Laurent Kubla (bass/baritone) render a repertoire from the old masters. The Pro Musica Gala Concert will be held on July 6 at 8:30 in the evening in Dewan Sri Pinang. Tickets are available at RM40, RM60, and RM 80. Students pay only RM20 and senior citizens get a 50% discount.

Get your tickets this early. Log on to http://georgetownfestival.com/, click events, choose ticketed events and follow the link to buying the tickets. There are also plenty of free events to delight in, so clear your calendar and book your seats.

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In 2014, Thaipusam happens on February 15, but celebrations start and end before the date itself.

The Story of Thaipusam

The story of Thaipusam is deeply entrenched in Hindu mythology. The Devas (deities of natural forces and moral values) were in constant battle with the Asuras (deities of chaos). Their constant loss had the devas approach Lord Shiva for help, asking him for a strong leader to carry them to victory. Different accounts state that Murngan was born to Shiva and Parvati, and successfully led the devas in defeating the asuras. This led to the creation of the festival Thaipusam.

Symbols of Thaipusam

Thaipusam is rich in symbols that are strongly connected to Lord Murungan. His choice of weapon is a vel, a metal lance or spear that was given by his mother Parvati representing her strength and power. Murungan is closely associated with the peacock and the rooster. The latter is depicted in his armor or flag, while the former is his mount in battle.

Offerings and Prayers

On Thaipusam, devotees pray to Murungan for his help and his blessings. Devotees carry on their shoulders a kavadi, elaborately designed altars or shrines that represent the physical burden they lift up to Lord Murungan for help. Often, a kavadi is for preventing or averting trouble from a devotee’s life.

Physical Burdens

Bearers of kavadi take days to preparation and start long before Thaipusam itself. Ceremonies that prepare their physical body as well as rituals to cleanse their soul are undertaken in order to make themselves ready for their sacrifice. Among of these include observing celibacy and eating vegetarian food while being in a constant state of prayer.

Simple kavadi are wooden structures that are lifted on the bearer’s shoulders. More elaborate ones are attached to the bearer’s body with hooks. These hooks represent the vel.

Offerings of pots of milk and doing other acts of devotion are also considered as kavadi.

Thaipusam outside India

Two countries in Southeast Asia are home to the biggest Thaipusam celebrations outside India: Malaysia and Singapore.

Malaysia Thaipusam

The Batu Caves 13 kilometers outside of Kuala Lumpur are the site for the biggest Thaipusam celebration in the country. The caves have several Hindu shrines, and there is a 42 meter high statue of Lord Murungan at the entrance.

A procession the early hours of Thaipusam begins at the Sri Mahamarianman Temple in Kuala Lumpur. Devotees and tourists make the trek from the city to the caves. After the long hike, they will climb 272 steps to reach the hilltop temple dedicated to Lord Murungan. The number of people attending this festival can reach up to a million.

Another site of Thaipusam celebrations in Malaysia is at the Sri Subramaniar Temple in Ipoh, and the Nattukottai Chettiar Temple in Penang.

In some instances, non-Tamil devotees carry kavadi. On rare occasions, people of non-Hindu faith also bear kavadi. Ethnic Chinese Malaysians are also starting to observe Thaipusam.

Singapore Thaipusam

In Singapore, Thaipusam celebrations chiefly happen in Little India along Serangoon Road. Celebrations are similar: Devotees begin their procession at the Sri Srinivasa Perumal Temple and ends at the Sri Thendayuthapani Temple 4.5 kilometers later. Devotees with simple offerings of milk pots and wooden kavadi make up the first part of the procession. Those who carry the more elaborate kavadi with body piercings make the trek at a later time of the day. Families and friends walk along with the kavadi bearers, chanting prayers and songs as a show of support.

Like in Malaysia, Thaipusam is also celebrated by non-Tamil and non-Hindu people. It is also a strong tourist draw.

Act of Faith

Thaipusam shows the intensity of devotion that the Hindu have for their faith. The day is dedicated for prayers and offerings, as well as thanksgiving for the blessings received. It is truly a fascinating look into the rich cultural tradition of the Hindus.

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In 2014, the Chinese New Year will fall on Friday, January 31.

Lunar Calendar and the Zodiac

The Chinese Lunar calendar determines when the dates of holidays and other events take place. It is an ancient guide for the Chinese in almost all aspects of their lives and is based on the moon’s phases as well as the solar solstices and equinoxes. It also takes note of the sun’s cycles, which is the basis for the twelve signs of the Chinese zodiac. Following this, 2014 is the year of the Horse, and people of this sign are idealistic, loyal and independent.

Mythical Origin

One of the most popular stories tells of the beast Nian who would attack villages at the start of the New Year, eating their crops and people. To appease Nian, the villagers would prepare food and place it at the doors of their homes. It is also believed that Nian feared the color red and loud noises, which are now prominent symbols of the Chinese New Year celebrations.

Red Envelopes

Red envelopes, known as hong bao in Mandarin, are small packets filled with money that are given to young children by their elders. These red envelopes represent good luck, happiness and abundance. In some cases, it is also given to unmarried and unemployed adults to give them hope and encouragement. In other countries, this is called ang pao (Philippines) or ang poh (Malaysia).

Dragon Dance

The Chinese consider themselves as descendants of this mythical and majestic creature who represents prosperity, good luck and good fortune. The dance itself, dating back to the Han Dynasty, was believed to be a harvest tradition and brings about good health, prosperity and good luck.

Fireworks

With its loud explosions and bright lights, fireworks are believed to scare away evil and negative spirits. Fireworks have been an integral part of the Chinese New Year celebrations for many years, but because of the rising occurrence of accidents, many countries have banned the public use of fireworks. Instead, big displays are organized for the public to view.

Preparations

Homes are thoroughly cleaned before the New Year in order to remove any traces of negativity and start over with a clean slate. The New Year is also a time for family to come together. Food is an integral part of the Chinese New Year celebrations, particularly during the Chinese New Year’s Eve. It is one of the most important family gatherings, and is often hosted by the most senior member of the family.

Food for Good Fortune

The foods that are prepared and served are often chosen because of how similar their names sound to things that are auspicious and good. For example, mandarin oranges are a popular fruit not only because it is in season but also because its name sounds close to the word that means “luck” or “fortune”. Chicken based dishes are also served in the belief that all families, no matter their social or economic standing, should be able to afford this meat.

Fish dishes are also served, but usually left for last and often not eaten in its entirety. This is because the word “fish” sounds like “abundance”, and leaving some of it for the next day means that the family will receive abundant blessings in the coming year.

Niangao or New Year cake is a glutinous rice delicacy that is traditionally most popular during this season because its consumption is considered to be good luck. Its name sounds like a phrase that implies one being prosperous year after year. In the Philippines, this is called tikoy.

Modern Chinese New Year

While modern day China celebrates January 1 as the first day of the Gregorian calendar year, the traditional Lunar New Year is still very much observed.

The Chinese New Year is a public holiday in People’s Republic of China, its territories of Taiwan, Hong Kong and Macau and countries around the world like Vietnam, Malaysia and Singapore where there are sizeable population and communities of Chinese. The rest of the world also considers this a major holiday, but is not necessarily a public or official one.

Celebrations of the Chinese New Year all over the world take its cue from the traditional Chinese customs and practices.

Chinese New Year in Singapore

Celebrations in Singapore is quite grand in scale because of the strong Chinese-Singaporean population. Several events are predominantly featured during the days of New Year, including the Chingay Parade, River Hongbao and in the recent years, the Festive Street Bazaar which featured nightly shows and competitions.

Chinese New Year in Malaysia

For the Malaysians, preparations for the New Year start almost as soon as the Christmas season ends. New Year themed decorations replace the Christmas ones. In Malaysia, most states declare the first two days of the New Year as a holiday. Penang and Klang are said to be the locations of the biggest Chinese New Year celebrations in Malaysia, but everyone celebrates it in their own way. Families gather on New Year’s Eve for a reunion dinner. The first dish served is the yee sang, a raw fish salad that the family tosses with their chopsticks. This activity is known as the prosperity toss and is expected to bring good fortune as the year rolls in. Gift giving is also a big tradition, and in Malaysia everyone receives a red envelope with a small sum of money. On chap goh mei, the fifteenth and last day of the New Year, families again come together for a feast similar to the reunion dinner at the start of the year.

Chinese New Year in the Philippines

The Chinese New Year is not usually considered a public holiday in the Philippines, but in 2012 it was declared to be a national holiday. It is celebrated not just by the sizeable Chinese-Filipino community but by the entire nation. Establishments go all out with decorations and many participate in traditional Chinese New Year customs. Chinatown in Manila, considered to be the world’s oldest Chinatowns outside China attracts thousands of visitors every Chinese New Year. Niangao are popular gifts and can be purchased almost everywhere. Red envelopes are also given out with a person’s fortune.

Chinese New Year in Vietnam

The Vietnamese celebrate the coming of the new year as based on the lunisolar calendar much like the Chinese do, but it is known as Tet Ngyuen Dan, or simply Tet. It coincides with the Chinese New Year, but with the one-hour time difference between Vietnam and China, the calculations are a little different. To the Vietnamese, this holiday is the Feast of the First Morning.

With a civilization that is one of the oldest in the world, it is no surprise that the celebration of the Chinese New Year is observed internationally. It is a festival that allows people to touch base with their families and remember that the important things in life are not material things.

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But did you know that Malaysia actually has two holidays that are related to independence? There is Hari Merdeka, and Malaysia Day which is held every September 16. While both are independent of each other, the roots of each one is intertwined that it would be impossible to talk about Malaysia Day without tackling Hari Merdeka.

The Roots of Malaysia Day

Six years after Malaya was declared independent from the British rule, the Federation of Malaysia was established. It joined together Malaya, North Borneo (now Sabah), Sarawak and Singapore. Its initial date from June 1, 1963 was moved to August 31, but it was again postponed when Indonesia and the Philippines voiced their protests. The United Nations and the Cobbold Commission took a general vote in North Borneo and Sarawak about their interest to participate in the creation of the new federation. With an overwhelming positive response, Malaysia was finally established on September 16, 1963 and what is now the present date of Malaysia Day.

Protests on Limited Celebrations

The celebration of Malaysia Day was initially a public holiday only in East Malaysia. However, more people from other states (particularly in Sabah and Sarawak) felt that it would promote a better sense of nationalistic pride if both Merdeka and Malaysia Day would be celebrated with equal importance. Many feel that the celebration is too focused on Malaya, where in fact states like Sarawak and Sabah were equal partners with Malaya when Malaysia was established in 1963. Many ethnic groups also felt ignored, and pushed for a country-wide observation of the holiday.

Nationwide Public Holiday

In 2009, after an open forum at the Malaysian Parliament, Prime Minister Najib Razak decided that from 2010 onwards, Malaysia Day will be a public holiday celebrated by the entire nation.

Celebrations in Malaysia

While the Malaysia Day celebrations are somewhat subdued compared to the grandeur of Hari Merdeka, it is nonetheless held much in high esteem. Many communities hold activities focus on themes that reflects the traditions, culture and people of Malaysia. Schools and organizations would hold contests for children to encourage them to be more patriotic. The celebration may be fairly new for most of Malaysia, but it doesn’t dim its importance to their history and pride.

Photo by phalinn

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Standing on their own

In early 1956, several Malayan leaders led by Tunku Abdul Rahman negotiated with the British for Malaya’s independence. After much discussion and debate, the approval was given and August 31, 1957 became the official date.

“Merdeka! Merdeka!”

On the eve of August 31, 1957, citizens gathered at the Royal Selangor Club Padang in Kuala Lumpur for the turnover ceremonies. Several state leaders and foreign dignitaries were in attendance. The lights were turned off for two minutes, and re-lit at the stroke of midnight. The British Union Jack was lowered and the new Flag of Malaya was raised as the national anthem “Negaraku” played. The people chanted “Merdeka” seven times.

On the morning of the same date, an estimated 20,000-plus people celebrated their country’s sovereignty at the Merdeka Stadium, also in Kuala Lumpur. Rulers of the Malay states were present, as were members of the federal cabinet, foreign leaders and dignitaries and of course, the citizens.

The Federation of Malaysia

Six years to the day after Malaya’s independence, a move was made to officially declare the Federation of Malaysia. This comprised the States of Malaysia (now West Malaysia), North Borneo (now Sabah), Sarawak and Singapore. However, due to protests from Indonesia and the Philippines (who was considering the use of the name “Malaysia”), this declaration was moved to September 16.

However, North Borneo and Singapore had declared sovereignty on August 31, 1963 (two years later, Singapore would officially separate from Malaysia). Indonesia continued their protests against the formation in the belief it would colonize some provinces in Sarawak and Sabah that they had claim on. To resolve this conflict and show their good intentions, Malaysia worked with the United Nations and the Cobbold Commission to get a general vote from the people of the said provinces are willing to join Malaysia. The response was overwhelmingly positive, and nothing stood in the way of Malaysia’s declaration.

On September 16, 1963, the Federation of Malaysia was announced. This day is noted as Malaysia Day and is considered a public holiday only in East Malaysia. The country’s Independence day remains fixed on August 31.

Hari Merdeka Celebrations

In 2013, Malaysia will celebrate its 56th Hari Merdeka. Since 1970, each year is given a specific theme, often with a customized logo and song. No theme has been set for 2013 yet, but it usually reflects the patriotic spirit of the Malaysians.

Hari Merdeka Parade

On August 31, crowds gather for the Hari Merdeka Parade. This event is usually held at Merdeka Square, but has been held in other locations in order to bring the celebrations to other parts of Malaysia. In the past few years, the parade has been held thrice in Putrajaya, Malaysia’s administrative government center.

Esteemed guests like the Yang di-Pertuan Agong, his consort, ministers, government and military officials occupy the prime spot for viewing the parade. While ceremonies by the military, such as the Flypast and the March past are integral parts of the parade, what captures the attention of the people are the floats. Each parade has various floats that are often sponsored by various businesses and corporations. These floats have elaborate designs and unique features, and some are big enough for several people to stand on.

Citizens line up the streets to observe the parade, and it is clearly a very enjoyable occasion. Many roads are closed and traffic is routed to alternative streets so that citizens will be able to watch the parade and not be inconvenienced.

Month-long celebrations

While August 31 remains the official date of the public holiday, celebrations for Hari Merdeka start nearly a month earlier and is tagged as Merdeka Month. Various events, programs and activities relating to Malaysia’s independence are held throughout August.

Hari Merdeka is an important holiday for Malaysia, as it shows the country’s strength and unity.

Photos by amrufm and amrufm

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There are many legends that are attached to Deepavali, but the most common among of all these is based on the story of how Lord Sri Krishna defeated the tyrannical king Narakasura. As the story goes, Narakasura was blessed by God and given a kingdom to rule. However, his subjects did not like how he ruled, so they prayed to Lord Sri Krishna for help. The defeat of Narakasura happened during the night of the new moon, and the people lit clay lamps to welcome Lord Krishna home. This practice continues to this day, and Deepavali is considered to be a celebration of how good defeats evil.

The holiday is also associated with the goddess of wealth Lakshmi, as the Deepavali falls on the day that most Indian business communities begin their new financial year. It is believed that she walks around the Earth looking for places where she would be made welcome, therefore Hindus light candles and welcome guests into their homes for the festivities.

Celebrated around the world

Deepavali is celebrated not just in India, but in countries where there are followers of the Hindu faith. Both Singapore and Malaysia consider this as an important holiday, celebrated not just by the Hindus and Indians, but by many citizens, tourists and visitors of various faiths. Traditionally, Deepavali lasts for five days, so expect plenty of activities and wonderful sights to experience.

2013 Date

Because it follows the Hindu lunar calendar, the date of the holiday changes when looking at the Gregorian calendar. In 2013, the Ministry of Manpower of Singapore has declared that Deepavali will fall on November 3 (Sunday), but they also advised that the date be checked against the Indian Almanac for possible changes. Since Deepavali falls on Sunday, the next day, November 4 (Monday), will be marked as a public holiday.

Singapore Celebrations

Singaporeans celebrate Deepavali as one community, but most of the celebrations are centered in Little India. One of the most anticipated events for this holiday is the Deepavali Street Light Up, which often occurs almost a month before the actual Deepavali date. A Switch-On ceremony marks the official start of the Deepavali celebrations, filing the streets with fantastic light displays that are arranged in themes and captivating patterns. Buildings and establishments from Selegia Road all the way to Serangoon Road go all out with lights and decorations bursting with bright colors.

The Deepavali is also the perfect time for visitors to experience the Singaporean culture. Many cultural shows and performances by local artists are seen, and it is not just by the Indians, but also by other ethnic groups. In 2012, there was a Deepavali Heritage and Crafts Exhibition, which showcased the origins of Deepavali and the traditions associated with it, and I believe this is a yearly attraction.

Modern Adaptations

A modern Singaporean way of welcoming Deepavali is the Countdown Concert. Think of it as the equivalent to New York’s New Year’s Countdown. Here, many musicians and celebrities from Singapore and abroad perform for the audience, and fireworks will mark the holiday at the stroke of midnight.

In the past years, Deepavali celebrations also host a bazaar called the Deepavali Festival Village. Stall after stall have various items on sale, including ethnic Indian wear, jewelry and handmade artwork. These stalls also offer traditional festival items and food, like sweets, spices and cookies.

Continuing Traditions

Despite these modern changes to the Deepavali, many old traditions still hold fast to Singapore’s way of celebrating the holiday. It is tradition to wear new clothes, and some even have their hands decorated with temporary tattoos drawn with henna dye.

The Indians are also fond of sweets, and sharing various sweet delicacies is an important tradition in Deepavali. After performing the traditional prayers associated with the holiday, families, relatives and visitors are offered these blessed treats that are said to “symbolize the sweetness and happiness of a person’s life.”

It is also common for fireworks to be lit on the celebrations of Deepavali. Like the Chinese, the Hindus believe that the loud noise and bright lights will chase away bad fortune and usher in the good ones.

Malaysia Hari Diwali

Many Malaysians refer to the holiday as Hari Diwali, and their celebrations are also lavish and grandiose. There is no holding back when it comes to decorations, and nearly the whole country is decked out for the occasion. Families begin the day with a ritual oil bath called “ganga-snanam” to cleanse away their impurities from last year. Prayers are said at the family altar, and many visit their elders to pay their respects and receive blessings. A lavish meal is prepared that everyone partakes in.

Open house tradition

Malaysians have a unique tradition of opening up their homes to guests, family or otherwise, during festival celebrations and it is no exception during Diwali. Malaysians of various races and faiths are welcomed and ask to join in the celebration. In many instances, tourists even get to experience this show of goodwill and friendship.

Art for Prosperity

When visiting a Malaysian Hindu’s home during Diwali, you may notice intricate designs and patterns on the ground in front of their homes. These designs are called kolam, and is a form of South Indian art that makes use of rice powder or chalk that are dyed with different colors. A kolam is said to bring prosperity to homes, and are often seen during special occasions.

As with other Malaysian celebrations, children receive gifts of money from their elders similar to the “ang pau” envelopes the Chinese give out during birthdays and New Year. Oil lamps are not lit by most, but more modern lights are used as decoration. Firecrackers and bamboo cannons, however, are not allowed to prevent from causing injuries to people.

Batu Cave celebrations

The Batu Caves is considered to be one of the most important sites for Malaysian Hindus. Celebrations at the caves’ temple complex are often the highlight of the holiday. Crowds gather early in the morning for a feast of vegetarian dishes.

During Diwali, the Malaysians make it a point to share their blessings with the less fortunate. It is also a practice done during other festive occasions.

Most of all, Deepavali is an important holiday to be with your loved ones and treasured friends.

Photos by Balaji Dutt, chooyutshing, chooyutshing, chooyutshing and Johnragai

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When it comes to monarchy, what we know is mostly based on the European royalty. Their positions are hereditary, meaning that it gets passed on from generation to generation from father to son, and sometimes, from mother to daughter.

In Malaysia, their king is called a Yang di-Pertuan Agong. But unlike that of the European monarchy, Malaysia’s king is elected. This is a constitutional provision that was introduced in 1957, when the British rule was coming to an end. Malaysia has fourteen states, nine of which have a hereditary ruler. These nine leaders make up the Conference of Rulers, who then vote for the next Yang di-Pertuan Agong. The elected leader will then hold the position for the next five years. He also appoints a regent who will act as the head of state for the one which he rules as he will be absent from these duties during his term as the Yang di-Pertuan Agong.

While in many ways the role of the Yang di-Pertuan Agong is ceremonial, he still holds certain power in the government. He has the power to appoint the Prime Minister following strict and clear guidelines. However, many of his functions need the advice of several people, including the Prime Minister, the Cabinet and the Conference of Rulers.

The 14th Yang di-Pertuan Agong

The current Yang di-Pertuan Agong is Sultan Abdul Halim of Kedah. Elected last December 2011, he holds the distinction of being voted into position twice (he was king from 1970 to 1975). He is also the oldest sultan elected into position, at the age of 83.

The King’s Birthday

The celebration of the King’s Birthday is constitutionally fixed on the first Saturday of June each year. This means the date varies each year, but it is an occasion that is looked forward to by the Malaysians. But expect no less than pomp and grandeur when this day rolls in, as it is an important holiday for all of Malaysia.

In 2013, Malaysia will celebrate this national public holiday on June 1 (Saturday).

A big to-do is held at the Merdeka Square in Kuala Lumpur. The Trooping the Colour, a very British tradition that was adapted by the Malaysians for their own celebrations, is done in honor of the Yang di-Pertuan Agong. He takes these honors and inspects the troops alongside the commanders of Malaysia’s three services: The Malaysian Armed Forces, the Joint Forces Command and the Malaysian Armed Forces Council. Instead of walking or riding a horse, the inspection is done with the king riding on an open-top Land Rover. The Yang di-Pertuan Agong wears dress uniforms, as does the eight other state monarchs. While it may seem like a simple celebration, it’s actually quite elaborate and unique and can last for more than an hour.

The Trooping the Colour is open to the general public. However, only special and invited guests are allowed within the parade grounds and past security. Radio Televisyen Malaysia broadcasts the ceremonies live to the whole country. Along with these rites, awards and medals are also given to notable Malaysians in conjunction with the King’s Birthday. Often, cultural shows and exhibitions are held all over the country in honor of the event.

Photo by Omar.salahudin

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In 2013, the first day of Hari Raya Haji will fall on Thursday, October 15.

The Hari Raya Haji is a public holiday in Singapore, Malaysia, Brunei and Indonesia. In the predominantly Catholic Philippines, the holiday is not celebrated nationwide, but mostly in Mindanao and within the smaller Muslim communities scattered throughout the country. However, the government recognizes its importance to its Muslim citizens, and often consider it as a public holiday.

Origins

The story of the prophet Ibrahim, or Abraham as he is more known to the Western world, is a familiar tale to the people of various faiths. Ibrahim was an old man when God blessed him with the birth of his son Ishmael. When the boy was 13 years old, Ibrahim had a recurring dream where God asked him to sacrifice his son. Despite his deep sorrow, Ibrahim knew that he had to follow and told his son. Ishmael didn’t think twice, and agreed that Ibrahim should do as God asked. When Ibrahim was ready to slaughter his own son, the boy remained unharmed. Instead, they found a dead ram which they offered up to God in the boy’s stead. Ibrahim had passed the test which showed his devotion to God.

Journey to Mecca

For the Muslims, the biggest act of devotion to their faith that one must do is to make the holy pilgrimage to Mecca, particularly if you have the financial means and the physical strength to do such a task. The end of the month long journey is a cause for celebration, thus the observance of Hari Raya Haji.

Traditions

Prayers are performed by the men in the various mosques in their area. Sermons are read out and the devout reflect in the messages in these passages. Afterwards, male volunteers participate in “korban”, or sacrificial rites of rams, sheep and cow hosted by several mosques across the country. In Singapore, most of the livestock for the sacrifice had to be imported and distributed months ahead in order to cover the demand. Well-off Muslim families would often donate any one of these animals to a mosque.

The meat will then be distributed through the Muslim community, particularly to the less fortunate. The holiday is also a reminder for people to be thankful and share the blessings and wealth they have received.

Activities

In the recent years, Hari Raya Haji has garnered attention from people of other faiths. While the traditional prayers and rites are reserved for the devout, many non-Muslims participate in the merrymaking afterwards. This is particularly true for countries that have a population with mixed faith, like in Singapore or Malaysia.

In Singapore, the center of such activities can be found in Kampong Glam and Geyland Serai. Shops filled with colorful wares and various types of food are set up and is open to all visitors. Houses and establishments around the area are decorated for the festivities, featuring flags and banners of the religious bent.

As with most Muslim communities, residents in Malaysia are expected to honor the day with new clothes and the presentation of delicacies and sweets. It is also important for them to spend the day with families and loved ones. As it is a public holiday, banks are closed but all other establishments remain open. It is also interesting to note that Malaysian embassies all over the world observe this holiday, albeit in less grandiose scale.

Photo Credit : Erwin Soo

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Hari Raya Puasa marks the end of Ramadan, the holy month of fasting for the Islam. It occurs on the first day of the 10th month, Shawwal. Like most Islamic holidays, the date follows the Islamic lunar calendar and varies when the Gregorian calendar is referred to.  In 2013, Hari Raya Puasa falls on August 8-9 in Malaysia and Indonesia, and only on August 8 in Singapore.

What is Ramadan?

Muslims all over the world observe Ramadan, the ninth month of the Islamic calendar, with month-long fasting. This yearly tradition is considered as one of the Five Pillars of Islam, and is an obligation for all healthy, adult Muslims.  Fasting begins from dawn and lasts until sunset, and is a time when they follow and reflect upon the teachings of Islam while abstaining from solid foods, liquids, intimate relations and arguments.

Hari Raya Puasa Celebrations

In Southeast Asia, Hari Raya Puasa is a major holiday for many countries in the region, particularly in Singapore, Malaysia and Indonesia.

The basic celebration for the Muslims in these countries are similar. The day begins with a light meal before heading out to the mosques for prayers while dressed in their best clothing. Afterwards, they visit family and friends to greet them a “Happy Eid” and ask forgiveness for their past transgressions.

In Singapore, the holiday is considered to be one of the biggest holidays. Shops prepare for the faithful who will shop for new things like clothes, shoes and food that will be used in the celebrations. Muslim communities in the country like Geylang Serai and Kampong Glam will have Ramadan bazaars that feature food and other items for sale. There are activities like the Great Hari Raya Light Up, a festival of lights, lanterns and loud firecrackers to mark the celebrations.  As it is a public holiday, most government offices and banks are closed for the festivities. Some private offices also close down, but this is on the discretion of the management.

Muslim-Singaporeans consider this a day for feasting, and often prepare traditional dishes like beef rendang, ketupat, lontong, cookies and other sweets.

In Malaysia, it is not unusual for people to travel back to their hometowns, no matter how far it is. This homecoming is called “balik kampung”. When greeting each other, they say Selamat Hari Raya” which means, “Wishing you a joyus day in celebration”.

Like in other Muslim communities, the Muslim-Malaysians don their best traditional cultural dress. Many also follow the practice of visiting the graves of family members and loved ones and offer prayers for them.

Some Muslims in major Malaysian cities would decorate their homes and hold an open house to welcome people to their homes as part of the Hari Raya Puasa celebrations. Some also light firecrackers, but these have been limited in the recent years to prevent injuries to the merrymakers.

In Indonesia, Lebaran is likewise an occasion to come home and celebrate the festivities with the family. On the days leading to Lebaran, business picks up tremendously as everyone shops for items needed, particularly new clothes to wear on this occasion. Traffic can become a huge problem as the whole of Jakarta would make an exodus to their home provinces which could lead to gridlocks for hours on end. But this exodus makes the now nearly-deserted capital tempting to explore without the heaving chaos that sometimes make Jakarta suffocating.

Southeast Asia is a region of people who practice different faiths. Despite this, it has been customary for non-Muslims to show respect for those who follow the Islamic faith. Some even participate in the festivities after the traditional rituals of prayer. In the Philippines, the event is known as Eid al-Fitr and has been recognized as a regular holiday for the entire nation in respect for the sizeable Muslim population in the country.

Difference from Hari Raya Haji

Both Hari Raya Puasa and Hari Raya Haji are about thanksgiving, strengthening of family ties, and reaffirming the precepts of Islamic faith. In both holidays, Muslims spend time in prayer and afterwards visit core family (first), relatives (next), friends and business associates (later) to seek reconciliation or reaffirm good relations.

Hari Raya Haji, on the other hand, is more about making sacrifices. It is a dual celebration to mark the end of the yearly pilgrimage called Hajj, as well as the commemoration of the prophet Ibrahim’s willingness to sacrifice his son Ishmael as commanded by Allah. As such, Hari Raya Haji involves the slaughter of animals like sheep, goat and cow, and afterwards, the distribution of their meat to the poor and needy.

In conclusion, both Hari Raya shows the depth of the Muslims’ devotion and their commitment to further strengthen the unity with their brethren in faith.

Photos by coolinsights, chooyutshing, Meutia Chaerani, Tianyake and chooyutshing

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The Prophet Muhammad is believed to be Allah’s last prophet and a key figure in the Islamic faith. Many believers celebrate his birth, and call it “Mawlid al-Nabi”.  The word “mawlid” has Arabic roots and means “to give birth”. In more modern times, “mawlid” is used to refer to the prophet’s birth.

The practice of celebrating Mawlid al-Nabi can be traced back to 11th century Egypt. As the religion slowly spread, so did this practice of celebrating Muhammad’s birth. Among the various Muslim sects, the Sufi are considered to be the biggest advocates and celebrating Mawlid al-Nabi has become an important tradition for them.

Lunar Calendar Holiday

Like many Asian holidays, the celebration of Prophet Muhammad’s birth is based on the lunar calendar and therefore varies each year on the Gregorian calendar. Traditionally it falls on the 3rd month of the Islamic calendar, or the  Rabi’ al-awwal. For the Shia Muslims, Mawlid al-Nabi is observed on the 17th day of the Rabi’ al-awwal, while for the Sunni Muslims, celebration is on the 12th day. In 2013, the Sunni Muslims will celebrate the day on January 24, while the Shia Muslims celebrate it on January 29.

Who Celebrates Mawlid al-Nabi?

While Mawlid al-Nabi is considered as a traditional Islamic holiday, not all Muslims celebrate it. This practice is divided between believers who throw themselves wholeheartedly into the occassion, and those who do not believe that it is something worth celebrating. The latter believers consider Islam a perfect faith upon its establishment, and any innovation (“bid’ah”) or new practice is an unnecessary addition. Saudi Arabi is the only Muslim country where Mawlid al-Nabi is not observed and celebrated as a public holiday.

Celebrations may vary in the countries that celebrate it, particularly depending on the type of Islam followed by the locals. Countries that are not Muslim but have a strong Muslim presence also have some celebrations for Mawlid al-Nabi. It is not unusual for the day to be commemorated in countries like India, Britain, Malaysia, Singapore and even Russia.

Mawlid al-Nabi in South East Asia

Many of Muhammad’s believers show their respect by following in his good deeds. For many, it has become a tradition to share food with others. Many also follow the tradition of sharing stories about the prophet’s life, and telling of his deeds and accomplishments. A popular verse that is often shared by his believers during the festivities is Qaida al-Burda Sharif of the 13th century Arabic Sufi Busiri.

In Malaysia, where there is a large concentration of Muslims, this holiday is also known as “Maulidur Rasul”, or “The Birth of the Messenger of Allah”. This event is declared as a national and public holiday for the country, and preparation is widespread in all states. Mosques are cleansed and decorated for this this event, in anticipation for the hundreds to thousands of revelers expected to participate in the festivities. Similarly, the same treatment is given to the homes of those who celebrate this day.

Singapore’s celebrations of Mawlid al-Nabi have become low-key in the recent years, as opposed to the elaborate parades and festivities held in the past. Many choose to celebrate the prophet’s birthday quietly, and do what they can to share their blessings to those who are less fortunate.

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Here are some of the most interesting and most colorful festivals in Malaysia. You can plan your Malaysian adventure to coincide with these events, so you can get a better appreciation of what makes this country uniquely wonderful, in a multi-cultural way.

1) Chinese New Year

Malaysia celebrates Chinese New Year in a grand manner, and is one of the countries in Southeast Asia to do so in a big scale. The Chinese communities around the country adorn their houses, the streets, and other establishments with traditional red decorations to ward off bad spirits.

Fireworks, along with lion and dragon dances, are performed as part of the 15-day period (in January or February, depending on the Lunar calendar) of Chinese New Year festivities in shopping malls, on the streets, and on other business establishments. Family get-togethers food abundant spreads with food items that are symbolic of life, energy, and wealth.

2) Deepavali (Diwali)

The Hindu Festival of Lights (and also the Hindu New Year’s Day) celebration in Malaysia is a very colorful and festive one, with the multitude of lights symbolizing victory and hope against darkness, evil, and other challenges for the Hindus.

Celebrated in October or November, Deepavali is a day of prayers in Hindu homes and temples; on this day, the Hindus wake up at dawn to bathe their bodies with oil, before proceeding to say their prayers. Hindu homes and temples are beautifully-lit with oil lamps; fireworks, processions, and street bazaars delightfully mark the festivities in areas where Indian communities are located (such as Kuala Lumpur’s Little India). If you are lucky enough to be invited to a Hindu home for Deepavali, you will definitely have a feast of flavorful Indian dishes and desserts!

3) Hari Raya Puasa (Eid al-Fitr)

Marking the end of the Ramadan (the month of fasting), Hari Raya Puasa is considered as the most important Muslim festival in Malaysia. The day is celebrated with prayers, and open houses allow Muslims to share food with their family members and the rest of the community; the best of Malay cuisine is offered to loved ones and guests to mark the end of the fasting month. Children and the elderly are given gifts of money in green packets (similar to the Chinese ang-poh)

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4) Thaipusam

This Hindu festival celebrated mostly by the Tamil community starts with a procession from the Sri Mahamariamman Temple in Kuala Lumpur, and proceeds for 15 kilometers to the Batu Caves. The eight-hour journey culminates in climbing the 272 steps to the top of the caves; this event attracts more than one million devotees, and tens of thousands of tourists from other countries.

The devotees carry elaborate sacrificial burdens (called “kavadis”) to implore help and blessings from the God Murugan. Thaipusam is also celebrated in another cave site in Ipoh, Perak, and in Penang.

5) Wesak

Wesak or Wesak day is a Buddhist celebration commemorating the three most important days (birthday, enlightenment, and the achievement of Nirvana) in the life of Buddha.

Buddhists in Malaysia begin the festivities at dawn, as they gather in Buddhist temples throughout the country to meditate; giving food and donations to the needy offerings of joss sticks and incense, and prayers are also part of Wesak day celebrations. One of the highlights of Wesak is the breathtaking float procession, usually of a statue of Buddha.

Photos by trevphotos, Subharnab, Meutia Chaerani, xiangxi and Tianyake

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