Like many Asian countries, India is an agricultural county. The change in the seasons plays an important role in the culture and traditions of the people.
In South India, one of the most important festivals is Pongal, a harvest festival widely celebrated by the Tamils. The celebration of Pongal is spread across four days, starting from the last of Marghazi (months of December to January) to the third day of Thai (months of January to February). It traditionally falls mid-January and marks “Uttarayana”, or the start of the sun’s journey northward for the next six months. This is also followed in the other countries that celebrate Pongal.
When is Pongal in 2017?
In 2017, Pongal will fall on January 14 (Saturday) as it usually does, which is considered as the first day of the third month known as Thai.
Origins of the word
The word “pongal” stems from the word “ponga”, which means “to boil over” or “overflow” symbolizing an abundance of blessings. The word “pongal” also refers to the sweet dish made with boiled rice and lentils, a delicacy that is served during the festivities.
Four days of Pongal
The first day is Bhogi Pongal and is dedicated to Lord Indra. This day is set aside for the family and the household. Symbolizing the fresh start of the year, old and unused household items are discarded and thrown into a bonfire that burns through the night. Homes are cleaned and decorated with “kolam”, a style of painting done with rice powder or chalk which is believed to bring prosperity to the household.
The second day is Surya Pongal. It is dedicated to the Sun God Lord Surya. This date is actually the festival day itself, and is the official first day of the Tamil month “Thai”. Early on this day, milk is boiled and left to overflow following the literal meaning of “pongal”. Sweets and other delicacies are prepared on this day and is shared with family, friends and visitors.
The third day is Mattu Pongal and is dedicated to the cattle for all the work that they do in the harvest. They are recognized as the “giver of milk and puller of dough”. These animals are treated with much respect, and many activities on this day revolve around them.
The fourth day is Kanum Pongal, and it is also dedicated to Lord Surya for giving life to the crops and helping them grow. Among the traditions followed on this day are the offering of prayers by young women for the well-being and prosperity of their brothers. Many families visit their other relatives, and the younger generation pay tribute to their elders.
Around the World
Tamils living around the world celebrate Pongal in their own way, but still holding true to tradition. This fosters a feeling of closeness, allowing people of South Indian heritage to keep in touch with their roots and pass on values that have been learned from their ancestors. Pongal is celebrated by the Tamil diaspora in different countries including Singapore, Malaysia, Sri Lanka, Britain, Australia and the United States.
Pongal in Singapore
Singapore is one of the countries around the world that has a large diaspora of South Indians. Hence, this holiday is considered a major one and is often anticipated not just by the Tamil population of Singapore, but also of the many nationalities who enjoy joining in the festivities.
Singapore Tamils follow the traditional celebration of Pongal. However, celebrations can stretch to longer than four days. Little India is transformed, with decorative lights in colorful designs giving a festive air to the area. Activities and other events are held a few days before and after Pongal. A Festival Village bazaar along Campbell Lane has stalls with various Indian products for sale, including clothes and jewelry, souvenirs, art works and a wide variety of food stuff.
Cultural Festival
Pongal is also a cultural festival, where members of the local Tamil community participate in performances, shows and exhibits that honor to their heritage. One such example in the past years is a nightly cultural show in Hastings Road that featured local and foreign artists.
Pongal in Malaysia
Much like in India and Singapore, Malaysia holds Pongal in high importance. It’s a holiday not just for those of Indian heritage, but a celebration for everyone in the country given its theme of thanksgiving and togetherness. Pongal celebrations in Malaysia are a little low key, as people prefer to celebrate with their families and close friends. Many traditions of Pongal, however, are followed in Malaysia. Celebrations last for four days as well.
