Fasting as a Pillar of Islam

The importance of fasting among Muslims cannot be overemphasized. Fasting is one of the Five Pillars of Islam and should be performed by healthy adults – except pregnant women, menstruating women, the elderly and the infirm – during the month of Ramadan. Fasting during this period constitutes abstinence from eating solid food and even liquids during daylight hours, smoking, getting into intimate relations and getting into an argument. Muslims perform this sacred obligation to purify themselves and renew their faith.

Hari Raya Puasa the Best Time to Enjoy KL and Jakarta

Hari Raya Puasa is a national holiday in Malaysia. As with any Islamic holiday, exact dates are determined by the local sighting of the new moon. In 2016, it is expected to fall on Wednesday-Thursday, July 6-7. The same dates are going to be observed in Indonesia. In Singapore, it is celebrated as a one-day national holiday on July 6.

Although Hari Raya Puasa is a two-day holiday in Malaysia, locals normally take an entire week off to celebrate. The same can be said of celebrations in Indonesia, although the emphasis is more on the week preceding Lebaran.

Kampong Glam or Arab Street, where Arab traders settled during the founding of Singapore, is bedecked with lighting and holiday decors and bustling with brisk sales of textiles, crafts and traditional food like popular Malay cakes “kueh-kueh” or “ondeh-ondeh.”

In the Philippines, the end of Ramadan is business as usual in the capital city, Manila, and provincial cities, save for pockets of Muslim communities who observe the day. The largest Eid “salat” prayers are performed in the open space of the Luneta Grandstand. In Mindanao, home to Muslim-majority population, similar rites are performed. Muslim families typically invite non-Muslim neighbors to share their food much like Catholics invite one another to enjoy the banquet during “fiestas.”

Mass Exodus to the Provinces on the Occasion of Hari Raya Puasa

During the holidays, families go back home to their provinces for reunions in a tradition known as “balik kampung.” Domestic travel can get very busy on the days leading to Hari Raya Puasa, so keep in mind to minimize unnecessary travel during this period to avoid inconveniences (unless you want to get a good feel of this celebration to understand how it shapes the Malay culture, then you can endure hours and hours of heavy traffic).

On the other hand, this may also be the best time to enjoy Kuala Lumpur – which could be gridlocked on any other day – as KLites make an exodus to spend the holidays with their families and friends. Muslim hawker stalls and businesses are closed during Hari Raya Puasa. Malls and other businesses usually remain open.

As with any major Indonesian holiday, the tradition of going back to their families of birth is still practiced in Jakarta and even in major capital cities in the Philippines. In Jakarta, in particular, this “mudik” or mass exodus means impossible traffic in major thoroughfares as literally millions of city dwellers beat each other for transport home. This opens up the Indonesian capital and ease things a bit for tourists who would otherwise find Jakarta a stifling city on regular days.

Hari Raya Puasa Family Traditions

The post-Ramadan holiday starts with “Solat Sunat Aidilfitri.” Families put on their new clothes and troop early in the morning to the nearest mosques for these Hari Raya prayer congregations, and then visit the graves of departed family members for an offering of “doa” (prayer verses).

Hari Raya Puasa is a time for reconciliation, so family members (especially younger ones) seek forgiveness of sins from each other (particularly from the elderly), invoking the atonement “Maaf Zahir Batin” during house visits to relatives and friends.

For children, Hari Raya Puasa is a day of receiving gifts. Elders prepare “duit raya” or crisp bills inserted in colorful packets, similar to the Chinese New Year tradition of receiving “ang pao.”

Communal Celebration of Hari Raya Puasa

Hari Raya Puasa is a festive, colorful and communal celebration, in keeping with the spirit of reunion, renewal and reconciliation.

Business picks up on the days leading to Hari Raya Puasa as families shop for new clothes and items in preparation for the festivity. Houses are thoroughly cleaned and households burn oil lamps, supposedly to welcome the angels that pay families a visit before the start of the festival.

Streets, establishments and edifices are ablaze with multi-colored lights and adornments that make the occasion a real celebration after a long period of abstinence. The lit-up scenario is similar to the Western world’s celebration of Christmas holidays.

Non-Muslim Malays visit their Muslim brothers and sisters during “open houses,” as a sign of respect and as an act of renewing relationships to keep them strong. Even the Prime Minister puts out an open house, an open invitation to all – including tourists – to break bread with everyone. Thus, it is during the holidays that one gets to enjoy all the native Malay delicacies – ketupat, rendang, nasi impit, lemang, biskut raya – while striking friendships with the locals and getting immersed in Malaysia’s religious customs.

In Indonesia, the communal atonement involving not only close family and friends but also business associates, is known as “halal-bihalal,” a mutual begging of pardon and forgiving of slights. In the villages, families pay house visits to relatives and friends to personally beseech the other by saying “Mohon Maaf Lahir dan Batin” (forgive my physical and emotional wrongdoings). The traditional dish “ketupat” is also shared during the feast and children likewise receive gifts from their elders during the occasion.

Photo by Choo Yut Shing

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In South India, one of the most important festivals is Pongal, a harvest festival widely celebrated by the Tamils. The celebration of Pongal is spread across four days, starting from the last of Marghazi (months of December to January) to the third day of Thai (months of January to February). It traditionally falls mid-January and marks “Uttarayana”, or the start of the sun’s journey northward for the next six months. This is also followed in the other countries that celebrate Pongal.

When is Pongal in 2017?

In 2017, Pongal will fall on January 14 (Saturday) as it usually does, which is considered as the first day of the third month known as Thai.

Origins of the word

The word “pongal” stems from the word “ponga”, which means “to boil over” or “overflow” symbolizing an abundance of blessings. The word “pongal” also refers to the sweet dish made with boiled rice and lentils, a delicacy that is served during the festivities.

Four days of Pongal

The first day is Bhogi Pongal and is dedicated to Lord Indra. This day is set aside for the family and the household. Symbolizing the fresh start of the year, old and unused household items are discarded and thrown into a bonfire that burns through the night. Homes are cleaned and decorated with “kolam”, a style of painting done with rice powder or chalk which is believed to bring prosperity to the household.

The second day is Surya Pongal. It is dedicated to the Sun God Lord Surya. This date is actually the festival day itself, and is the official first day of the Tamil month “Thai”. Early on this day, milk is boiled and left to overflow following the literal meaning of “pongal”. Sweets and other delicacies are prepared on this day and is shared with family, friends and visitors.

The third day is Mattu Pongal and is dedicated to the cattle for all the work that they do in the harvest. They are recognized as the “giver of milk and puller of dough”. These animals are treated with much respect, and many activities on this day revolve around them.

The fourth day is Kanum Pongal, and it is also dedicated to Lord Surya for giving life to the crops and helping them grow. Among the traditions followed on this day are the offering of prayers by young women for the well-being and prosperity of their brothers. Many families visit their other relatives, and the younger generation pay tribute to their elders.

Around the World

Tamils living around the world celebrate Pongal in their own way, but still holding true to tradition. This fosters a feeling of closeness, allowing people of South Indian heritage to keep in touch with their roots and pass on values that have been learned from their ancestors. Pongal is celebrated by the Tamil diaspora in different countries including Singapore, Malaysia, Sri Lanka, Britain, Australia and the United States.

Pongal in Singapore

Singapore is one of the countries around the world that has a large diaspora of South Indians. Hence, this holiday is considered a major one and is often anticipated not just by the Tamil population of Singapore, but also of the many nationalities who enjoy joining in the festivities.

Singapore Tamils follow the traditional celebration of Pongal. However, celebrations can stretch to longer than four days. Little India is transformed, with decorative lights in colorful designs giving a festive air to the area. Activities and other events are held a few days before and after Pongal. A Festival Village bazaar along Campbell Lane has stalls with various Indian products for sale, including clothes and jewelry, souvenirs, art works and a wide variety of food stuff.

Cultural Festival

Pongal is also a cultural festival, where members of the local Tamil community participate in performances, shows and exhibits that honor to their heritage. One such example in the past years is a nightly cultural show in Hastings Road that featured local and foreign artists.

Pongal in Malaysia

Much like in India and Singapore, Malaysia holds Pongal in high importance. It’s a holiday not just for those of Indian heritage, but a celebration for everyone in the country given its theme of thanksgiving and togetherness. Pongal celebrations in Malaysia are a little low key, as people prefer to celebrate with their families and close friends. Many traditions of Pongal, however, are followed in Malaysia. Celebrations last for four days as well.

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An artistic extravaganza that comes alive after-hours, the Singapore Night Festival features art forms and installations that are fresh, novel and even daredevil.

Set in Singapore’s heritage district of Bras Basah and Bugis, the festival is led by none other than the keeper of the country’s history and heritage, the National Museum of Singapore. Participated by various artists from around the world that somersault, sing, dance and beat percussions, the Singapore Night Festival, started only in 2008, is one great excuse to stay up late when you come visit.

The Singapore Night Festival 2013 will be held on the weekends of August 23 and August 31.

Here’s a photo primer on what awaits.

The National Museum of Singapore, the country’s oldest whose history dates back to early 19th century, is the main organizer of this festival, bringing to fore the country’s heritage and history through various artistic and cultural events in collaboration with local and international partners in the field of arts, music and theater. During the Night Festival, the NMS facade is transformed into a palette upon whose surface artists project mesmerizing lights.

Light installation is a novel art form that uses video projection on unlikely surfaces, in this case, the Singapore Art Museum building itself. The organizers invited light installation artists from France to visually stimulate the audience with mesmerizing effects.

Giant “eyeballs” stare back at you from the NMS facade, a visual effect achieved by installing parabolic devices and projecting upon them swirling patterns reminiscent of items as commonplace as, well, eyeballs.

Innovation is a recurrent theme in Singapore Night Festival, and what better way to express creativity than to repurpose discarded items and give them another lease on life as “fish” on a tree?

Singapore won’t be Singapore without infused Chinese elements such as the ubiquitous dragon. This red giant “monster” is an auspicious element in Chinese tradition and an icon paraded prominently during the Chinese New Year.

If the Chinese have their dragons, the Indians have their dance. (Ever wonder why every Bollywood movie is inundated with sing-and-dance performances?) Dance, to Hindu devotees, is a form of worship; “bhangra” is a Punjabi-style of seasonal dance performed during harvest.

During the Rio Carnival in Brazil, “blocos” or neighborhood bands participate in citywide concerts that happen simultaneously while dancers do the samba at the Sambadrome. Singapore’s take on “blocos” may not be as grand, but it is a fun way to get together with neighborhood girls and boys and make some noise.

Literally “brute force,” Fuerzabruta has been gracing the Night Festival since its inception, with dancers contorting into difficult positions while suspended in mid-air.

Busking, or the act of performing on streets for free or for a token (like coins tossed in a hat), has been performed by a number of notable music legends when they were just starting out. The Singapore Night Festival is an excellent venue to test the musical waters by busking along Bras Basah Road to a receptive audience eager to hear novel sounds.

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Not to be confused with River Hong Bao, the Singapore River Festival celebrates Singapore’s waterways and waterfronts and their role in shaping the Singaporean history, culture, psyche and economy (the former celebrates Chinese New Year). Started in 2008, the festival is abloom with fluvial parades in major waterways that are part of the Singapore River.

Businesses and stakeholders in Empress Place and Clarke, Boat and Robertson Quays wanted to drum up business in the area, and the resulting success in its first year called for a comeback that has become even more spectacular through the years.

The core event centers around dazzling aerial-aquatic acrobatics and larger-than-life choreography that depict the river as source of life and the continuity it brings between the past and present, dream and reality. Over-the-river productions include illusions performed by magicians from around the world, stunts and light shows that delight spectators watching from the banks of Singapore River. All around the other quays, there are also simultaneous performances and musical and dance numbers that thrill spectators of any age.

In its early years, the festival was scheduled in June. Last year saw the festival held in September. Below is a photo primer on what you can expect from Singapore River Festival 2013.

The Read Bridge connects Clarke Quay and Riverside Point. This beam-structured bridge was completed in late 19th century, and is now mainly used by pedestrians and bicycles after having undergone several modifications. The Read Bridge is also where wire-rigged artists perform on and above the river for aerial shows.

Bumboats were very useful during the days when ships were moored away from the port and in deeper waters, and even continue to be useful today where big ships cannot get into smaller waterways. As an entrepot, Singapore exploited the capabilities of bumboats to carry supplies and provisions to and from bigger ships which facilitated a lively exchange of goods – and people – from far near and far away. Now as a bustling tourist region, Singapore still finds the vessel useful, but this time to ferry passengers on river cruises.

The banks of Singapore River come alive with neon lights strung on river steps. Cruising along the river during the festival comes with a twist, an experience that avid pub goers will certainly delight in: Pub-hopping on a river cruise is promoted during the festival.

This vehicular bridge is where you want to stand to take in “full frontal” Singapore’s skyline. Historically, this is the first bridge that spanned the Singapore River, connecting the Chinese merchants in its south and the Indian settlers in the north. It is said to be the (foot)bridge when Sir Stamford Raffles arrived in 1819. Today, Elgin Bridge connects the Downtown Core to the Central Area.

Clarke Quay used to be lined with historic warehouses that have seen the passage of time. Now, it has been rebuilt – more specifically, “gentrified” – to provide open air entertainment, wining and dining venues to Singaporeans who would like to unwind after-hours. During the festival, Clarke Quay is the center of food, fashion and parties.

Singapore can certainly be enjoyed on foot in various walking tours, but the fastest way to take in the city sights without much effort is to just hop onto bumboats that offer river cruises. This tradition is not only celebrated during the Singapore River Festival, but is done on a daily basis by the hordes of tourists eager to enjoy Singapore’s waterways and see the highlights while kicking back to relax.

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Vesak is one such holy day that is highly anticipated by Buddhists the world all over. It is popularly known as the Buddha’s birthday, but it actually marks three milestones of the his life: his birth, his enlightenment and his death.

This holiday is observed in Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, India, Nepal, Sri Lanka as well as several Southeast Asian countries like Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand and Vietnam. However, not all countries mark this as a public or national holiday.

Vesak Day Occurrence

The actual date of Vesak varies each year, depending on the particular country or the sector of Buddhism that is being followed. Some countries follow the Buddhist calendar, while some countries, like China or Singapore, follow the Chinese lunar calendar. It falls around April or May on the western Gregorian calendar, but in leap year it jumps to June.

In 2017, Vesak falls on May 10 for Singapore and Malaysia.

Vesak is known by different names in the countries where it is celebrated. It’s most known name is based on the Sanskrit vaiśākha, which is the name of the month that encompasses April to May. “Vesak” or variations of it is commonly used.

Old and New

While festivals celebrating the life and times of the Buddha have been a long and rich tradition of his devotees, it is interesting to note that the formal resolution to celebrate the Buddha’s birthday happened only in 1950, during the first Conference of the World Fellowship of Buddhists. Here, the fellowship asked world leaders of countries with a Buddhist population to declare Vesak as a public holiday.

Vesak Celebrations

The core traditions of Vesak celebrations are similar across Buddhist sects and countries. The observance begins early, with devotees gathering in various temples at dawn to perform hymns praising the three treasures of Buddhism: The Buddha, the Dharma or his teachings and the Sangha, his followers. Offerings such as candles, flowers and incense are brought by the faithful, and are symbols that remind the people that their life here on earth is temporary.

Most temples will also have monks talk about the teachings of Buddha, and devotees are encouraged to listen and spread peace to other communities.

Good Karma

While doing good deeds for others is one of the core Buddhist teachings, it is believed that doing so during Vesak will bring back rewards many times over.

Do No Harm

On Vesak, devotees are strongly reminded of the principles of Buddhism and are urged to practice them even more. They should take special effort not to harm or kill any living being. Eating vegetarian food for the day is highly encouraged. While on a daily basis most Buddhists try to follow the Five Precepts, on Vesak they observe the Eight Precepts in order to elevate themselves spiritually.

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Vesak in Singapore

In Singapore, Vesak often falls on May and usually occurs on the 15th day of the Chinese Lunar calendar’s fourth month. Celebrations start of similarly as with other countries, but differ minutely depending on the sector. Buddhism in Singapore is made up of various sectors, the most predominant of which are Mahayana Buddhism and Theravada Buddhism. The former is mostly practiced by Chinese Singaporeans, while the former is followed predominantly by the Burmese and Sri Lankan Singaporeans.

Following the belief of doing good deeds, many of Singapore’s youth would hold activities that promote doing services for their fellowman.

Visitors during Vesak in Singapore should visit the Lian Shan Shuang Lin Temple, the country’s oldest Buddhist temple. It is also Asia’s second largest.

Vesak in Malaysia

In Malaysia, this holiday is known as Hari Wesak and is a public holiday. Celebrations begin at dawn where devotees would gather in the various Buddhist temples scattered all around the country, among of which is the Vihara Temple in Kuala Lumpur. People do good deeds for others, such as donating food to the poor, or presenting offerings of incense and saying prayers. Monks chant sutras throughout the day, and celebrations end with a candlelit procession.

Vesak pays homage to the Buddha. It is also a time for devotees to reestablish their dedication in following his teachings, enabling them to grow spiritually and help promote goodwill and harmony all over the world.

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In 2014, Thaipusam happens on February 15, but celebrations start and end before the date itself.

The Story of Thaipusam

The story of Thaipusam is deeply entrenched in Hindu mythology. The Devas (deities of natural forces and moral values) were in constant battle with the Asuras (deities of chaos). Their constant loss had the devas approach Lord Shiva for help, asking him for a strong leader to carry them to victory. Different accounts state that Murngan was born to Shiva and Parvati, and successfully led the devas in defeating the asuras. This led to the creation of the festival Thaipusam.

Symbols of Thaipusam

Thaipusam is rich in symbols that are strongly connected to Lord Murungan. His choice of weapon is a vel, a metal lance or spear that was given by his mother Parvati representing her strength and power. Murungan is closely associated with the peacock and the rooster. The latter is depicted in his armor or flag, while the former is his mount in battle.

Offerings and Prayers

On Thaipusam, devotees pray to Murungan for his help and his blessings. Devotees carry on their shoulders a kavadi, elaborately designed altars or shrines that represent the physical burden they lift up to Lord Murungan for help. Often, a kavadi is for preventing or averting trouble from a devotee’s life.

Physical Burdens

Bearers of kavadi take days to preparation and start long before Thaipusam itself. Ceremonies that prepare their physical body as well as rituals to cleanse their soul are undertaken in order to make themselves ready for their sacrifice. Among of these include observing celibacy and eating vegetarian food while being in a constant state of prayer.

Simple kavadi are wooden structures that are lifted on the bearer’s shoulders. More elaborate ones are attached to the bearer’s body with hooks. These hooks represent the vel.

Offerings of pots of milk and doing other acts of devotion are also considered as kavadi.

Thaipusam outside India

Two countries in Southeast Asia are home to the biggest Thaipusam celebrations outside India: Malaysia and Singapore.

Malaysia Thaipusam

The Batu Caves 13 kilometers outside of Kuala Lumpur are the site for the biggest Thaipusam celebration in the country. The caves have several Hindu shrines, and there is a 42 meter high statue of Lord Murungan at the entrance.

A procession the early hours of Thaipusam begins at the Sri Mahamarianman Temple in Kuala Lumpur. Devotees and tourists make the trek from the city to the caves. After the long hike, they will climb 272 steps to reach the hilltop temple dedicated to Lord Murungan. The number of people attending this festival can reach up to a million.

Another site of Thaipusam celebrations in Malaysia is at the Sri Subramaniar Temple in Ipoh, and the Nattukottai Chettiar Temple in Penang.

In some instances, non-Tamil devotees carry kavadi. On rare occasions, people of non-Hindu faith also bear kavadi. Ethnic Chinese Malaysians are also starting to observe Thaipusam.

Singapore Thaipusam

In Singapore, Thaipusam celebrations chiefly happen in Little India along Serangoon Road. Celebrations are similar: Devotees begin their procession at the Sri Srinivasa Perumal Temple and ends at the Sri Thendayuthapani Temple 4.5 kilometers later. Devotees with simple offerings of milk pots and wooden kavadi make up the first part of the procession. Those who carry the more elaborate kavadi with body piercings make the trek at a later time of the day. Families and friends walk along with the kavadi bearers, chanting prayers and songs as a show of support.

Like in Malaysia, Thaipusam is also celebrated by non-Tamil and non-Hindu people. It is also a strong tourist draw.

Act of Faith

Thaipusam shows the intensity of devotion that the Hindu have for their faith. The day is dedicated for prayers and offerings, as well as thanksgiving for the blessings received. It is truly a fascinating look into the rich cultural tradition of the Hindus.

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In 2014, the Chinese New Year will fall on Friday, January 31.

Lunar Calendar and the Zodiac

The Chinese Lunar calendar determines when the dates of holidays and other events take place. It is an ancient guide for the Chinese in almost all aspects of their lives and is based on the moon’s phases as well as the solar solstices and equinoxes. It also takes note of the sun’s cycles, which is the basis for the twelve signs of the Chinese zodiac. Following this, 2014 is the year of the Horse, and people of this sign are idealistic, loyal and independent.

Mythical Origin

One of the most popular stories tells of the beast Nian who would attack villages at the start of the New Year, eating their crops and people. To appease Nian, the villagers would prepare food and place it at the doors of their homes. It is also believed that Nian feared the color red and loud noises, which are now prominent symbols of the Chinese New Year celebrations.

Red Envelopes

Red envelopes, known as hong bao in Mandarin, are small packets filled with money that are given to young children by their elders. These red envelopes represent good luck, happiness and abundance. In some cases, it is also given to unmarried and unemployed adults to give them hope and encouragement. In other countries, this is called ang pao (Philippines) or ang poh (Malaysia).

Dragon Dance

The Chinese consider themselves as descendants of this mythical and majestic creature who represents prosperity, good luck and good fortune. The dance itself, dating back to the Han Dynasty, was believed to be a harvest tradition and brings about good health, prosperity and good luck.

Fireworks

With its loud explosions and bright lights, fireworks are believed to scare away evil and negative spirits. Fireworks have been an integral part of the Chinese New Year celebrations for many years, but because of the rising occurrence of accidents, many countries have banned the public use of fireworks. Instead, big displays are organized for the public to view.

Preparations

Homes are thoroughly cleaned before the New Year in order to remove any traces of negativity and start over with a clean slate. The New Year is also a time for family to come together. Food is an integral part of the Chinese New Year celebrations, particularly during the Chinese New Year’s Eve. It is one of the most important family gatherings, and is often hosted by the most senior member of the family.

Food for Good Fortune

The foods that are prepared and served are often chosen because of how similar their names sound to things that are auspicious and good. For example, mandarin oranges are a popular fruit not only because it is in season but also because its name sounds close to the word that means “luck” or “fortune”. Chicken based dishes are also served in the belief that all families, no matter their social or economic standing, should be able to afford this meat.

Fish dishes are also served, but usually left for last and often not eaten in its entirety. This is because the word “fish” sounds like “abundance”, and leaving some of it for the next day means that the family will receive abundant blessings in the coming year.

Niangao or New Year cake is a glutinous rice delicacy that is traditionally most popular during this season because its consumption is considered to be good luck. Its name sounds like a phrase that implies one being prosperous year after year. In the Philippines, this is called tikoy.

Modern Chinese New Year

While modern day China celebrates January 1 as the first day of the Gregorian calendar year, the traditional Lunar New Year is still very much observed.

The Chinese New Year is a public holiday in People’s Republic of China, its territories of Taiwan, Hong Kong and Macau and countries around the world like Vietnam, Malaysia and Singapore where there are sizeable population and communities of Chinese. The rest of the world also considers this a major holiday, but is not necessarily a public or official one.

Celebrations of the Chinese New Year all over the world take its cue from the traditional Chinese customs and practices.

Chinese New Year in Singapore

Celebrations in Singapore is quite grand in scale because of the strong Chinese-Singaporean population. Several events are predominantly featured during the days of New Year, including the Chingay Parade, River Hongbao and in the recent years, the Festive Street Bazaar which featured nightly shows and competitions.

Chinese New Year in Malaysia

For the Malaysians, preparations for the New Year start almost as soon as the Christmas season ends. New Year themed decorations replace the Christmas ones. In Malaysia, most states declare the first two days of the New Year as a holiday. Penang and Klang are said to be the locations of the biggest Chinese New Year celebrations in Malaysia, but everyone celebrates it in their own way. Families gather on New Year’s Eve for a reunion dinner. The first dish served is the yee sang, a raw fish salad that the family tosses with their chopsticks. This activity is known as the prosperity toss and is expected to bring good fortune as the year rolls in. Gift giving is also a big tradition, and in Malaysia everyone receives a red envelope with a small sum of money. On chap goh mei, the fifteenth and last day of the New Year, families again come together for a feast similar to the reunion dinner at the start of the year.

Chinese New Year in the Philippines

The Chinese New Year is not usually considered a public holiday in the Philippines, but in 2012 it was declared to be a national holiday. It is celebrated not just by the sizeable Chinese-Filipino community but by the entire nation. Establishments go all out with decorations and many participate in traditional Chinese New Year customs. Chinatown in Manila, considered to be the world’s oldest Chinatowns outside China attracts thousands of visitors every Chinese New Year. Niangao are popular gifts and can be purchased almost everywhere. Red envelopes are also given out with a person’s fortune.

Chinese New Year in Vietnam

The Vietnamese celebrate the coming of the new year as based on the lunisolar calendar much like the Chinese do, but it is known as Tet Ngyuen Dan, or simply Tet. It coincides with the Chinese New Year, but with the one-hour time difference between Vietnam and China, the calculations are a little different. To the Vietnamese, this holiday is the Feast of the First Morning.

With a civilization that is one of the oldest in the world, it is no surprise that the celebration of the Chinese New Year is observed internationally. It is a festival that allows people to touch base with their families and remember that the important things in life are not material things.

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Each country celebrates Chinese New Year in their own way. While many customs and traditions stay true to its roots, adaptations and adjustments to the country’s own culture can be seen.

Singapore Celebrations

Singapore welcomes the Lunar New Year with a week-long celebration called River Hongbao. The name is derived from the small red packets called “hong bao” that the Chinese fill with money and give away as gifts. These “hong bao” also represent good luck and are expected to bring in prosperity.

The first River Hongbao celebration happened in 1986, and since then the event has become one of Singapore’s most highly anticipated annual events related to the biggest Chinese holiday.

No date has been specified for 2013, but as the Lunar New Year falls on February 10 and 11, River Hongbao is expected to happen within the near dates.

Cultural Showcase

River Hong Bao is the perfect place for visitors to have firsthand look at the Chinese culture and heritage. The Chinese is one of Singapore’s biggest ethnic groups, and many of the activities during River Hongbao showcase their long traditions as well as its integration into the Singaporean culture.

The Wonders of Guangxi

In 2012, River Hongbao had the privilege of working with the Culture Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. They showcased many of the region’s specialties, including food, art and handicrafts, dance and music. This was under the banner of “The Wonders of Guangxi”.

Lighting up the Bay

This is another yearly tradition during the River Hongbao, and is among the biggest tourist draws. Fantastic lanterns, a traditional Chinese staple, are put on display. In last year’s celebrations, these lanterns were handcrafted by the Chengdu artisans.

River Hongbao Food Street

Of course, what celebration wouldn’t be complete without delicious food. Nearly 50 food stalls participated last year, offering traditional Chinese delicacies and favorite hawker eats. Tourists who get to see River Hongbao are in for a treat as they not only get to see the unique way Singapore welcomes the Chinese New Year, but they also get to taste so many delicious food in one place. It is expected that 2013 will see an increase in participating stalls to accommodate the guests who will come in for the festivities.

Community participation is also important in River Hongbao. Many volunteers pitch in the help make the event incident free, while many young people join in as tour guides and marshalls, not to mention being involved in many of the cultural presentations.

The excitement for the upcoming River Hongbao in 2013 is high in the air. No doubt preparations are underway for this lavish yet meaningful celebration.

Photos by chooyutshing

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There are many legends that are attached to Deepavali, but the most common among of all these is based on the story of how Lord Sri Krishna defeated the tyrannical king Narakasura. As the story goes, Narakasura was blessed by God and given a kingdom to rule. However, his subjects did not like how he ruled, so they prayed to Lord Sri Krishna for help. The defeat of Narakasura happened during the night of the new moon, and the people lit clay lamps to welcome Lord Krishna home. This practice continues to this day, and Deepavali is considered to be a celebration of how good defeats evil.

The holiday is also associated with the goddess of wealth Lakshmi, as the Deepavali falls on the day that most Indian business communities begin their new financial year. It is believed that she walks around the Earth looking for places where she would be made welcome, therefore Hindus light candles and welcome guests into their homes for the festivities.

Celebrated around the world

Deepavali is celebrated not just in India, but in countries where there are followers of the Hindu faith. Both Singapore and Malaysia consider this as an important holiday, celebrated not just by the Hindus and Indians, but by many citizens, tourists and visitors of various faiths. Traditionally, Deepavali lasts for five days, so expect plenty of activities and wonderful sights to experience.

2013 Date

Because it follows the Hindu lunar calendar, the date of the holiday changes when looking at the Gregorian calendar. In 2013, the Ministry of Manpower of Singapore has declared that Deepavali will fall on November 3 (Sunday), but they also advised that the date be checked against the Indian Almanac for possible changes. Since Deepavali falls on Sunday, the next day, November 4 (Monday), will be marked as a public holiday.

Singapore Celebrations

Singaporeans celebrate Deepavali as one community, but most of the celebrations are centered in Little India. One of the most anticipated events for this holiday is the Deepavali Street Light Up, which often occurs almost a month before the actual Deepavali date. A Switch-On ceremony marks the official start of the Deepavali celebrations, filing the streets with fantastic light displays that are arranged in themes and captivating patterns. Buildings and establishments from Selegia Road all the way to Serangoon Road go all out with lights and decorations bursting with bright colors.

The Deepavali is also the perfect time for visitors to experience the Singaporean culture. Many cultural shows and performances by local artists are seen, and it is not just by the Indians, but also by other ethnic groups. In 2012, there was a Deepavali Heritage and Crafts Exhibition, which showcased the origins of Deepavali and the traditions associated with it, and I believe this is a yearly attraction.

Modern Adaptations

A modern Singaporean way of welcoming Deepavali is the Countdown Concert. Think of it as the equivalent to New York’s New Year’s Countdown. Here, many musicians and celebrities from Singapore and abroad perform for the audience, and fireworks will mark the holiday at the stroke of midnight.

In the past years, Deepavali celebrations also host a bazaar called the Deepavali Festival Village. Stall after stall have various items on sale, including ethnic Indian wear, jewelry and handmade artwork. These stalls also offer traditional festival items and food, like sweets, spices and cookies.

Continuing Traditions

Despite these modern changes to the Deepavali, many old traditions still hold fast to Singapore’s way of celebrating the holiday. It is tradition to wear new clothes, and some even have their hands decorated with temporary tattoos drawn with henna dye.

The Indians are also fond of sweets, and sharing various sweet delicacies is an important tradition in Deepavali. After performing the traditional prayers associated with the holiday, families, relatives and visitors are offered these blessed treats that are said to “symbolize the sweetness and happiness of a person’s life.”

It is also common for fireworks to be lit on the celebrations of Deepavali. Like the Chinese, the Hindus believe that the loud noise and bright lights will chase away bad fortune and usher in the good ones.

Malaysia Hari Diwali

Many Malaysians refer to the holiday as Hari Diwali, and their celebrations are also lavish and grandiose. There is no holding back when it comes to decorations, and nearly the whole country is decked out for the occasion. Families begin the day with a ritual oil bath called “ganga-snanam” to cleanse away their impurities from last year. Prayers are said at the family altar, and many visit their elders to pay their respects and receive blessings. A lavish meal is prepared that everyone partakes in.

Open house tradition

Malaysians have a unique tradition of opening up their homes to guests, family or otherwise, during festival celebrations and it is no exception during Diwali. Malaysians of various races and faiths are welcomed and ask to join in the celebration. In many instances, tourists even get to experience this show of goodwill and friendship.

Art for Prosperity

When visiting a Malaysian Hindu’s home during Diwali, you may notice intricate designs and patterns on the ground in front of their homes. These designs are called kolam, and is a form of South Indian art that makes use of rice powder or chalk that are dyed with different colors. A kolam is said to bring prosperity to homes, and are often seen during special occasions.

As with other Malaysian celebrations, children receive gifts of money from their elders similar to the “ang pau” envelopes the Chinese give out during birthdays and New Year. Oil lamps are not lit by most, but more modern lights are used as decoration. Firecrackers and bamboo cannons, however, are not allowed to prevent from causing injuries to people.

Batu Cave celebrations

The Batu Caves is considered to be one of the most important sites for Malaysian Hindus. Celebrations at the caves’ temple complex are often the highlight of the holiday. Crowds gather early in the morning for a feast of vegetarian dishes.

During Diwali, the Malaysians make it a point to share their blessings with the less fortunate. It is also a practice done during other festive occasions.

Most of all, Deepavali is an important holiday to be with your loved ones and treasured friends.

Photos by Balaji Dutt, chooyutshing, chooyutshing, chooyutshing and Johnragai

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The origins of Chingay

The name “chingay” comes from the Hokkien dialect, but its Mandarin equivalent is “zhuang yi”. It means “the art of masquerade”, which has become a fitting monicker for what is now Singapore’s grandest street and float parade. The changes it has undergone over the years is a wonderful representation of the rich multi-cultural population of Singapore.

Each year, the Chingay Parade has themes that it follows and plays upon on. In 2013, the theme is called “Fire and Snow“. The contrasting elements provide an interesting backdrop to the underlying themes that it carries. The theme “Fire and Snow” celebrates the “strength of the human spirit in the face of life’s challenges.”

Themes and Representations

There’s a story here somewhere. In the theme, fire represents the strong emotions that we humans carry. It means power and passion. The dynamism and the courage of the people. In contrast, snow represents the struggles and hardships that we go through every day. But with the characteristics of fire, and with it as our hope, we are able to get past these challenges and become stronger.

Parade Proper

As with the previous years, the Chingay Parade opens with much fanfare. The details on the parade have been release on the official website. On the night of February 22, more than three thousand participants will light fire pots that line the length of the parade route. It creates a majestic line of fire that lights up the path. Afterwards, hundreds of tai chi sword performers will come out and perform as the “Song of Righteousness” plays.

The audience will be captivated with a stellar excerpt from the world-famous Broadway show, “Phantom of the Opera”. Afterwards, a show that ties in perfectly with the Chinese New Year celebrations will delight the crowd. It is a Chinese belief that bright lights and loud sounds drive away evil, so the fireworks and pyrotechnic shows fit in very well. The community is also important here, as volunteers from different interest groups show the world their talents and skills.

Finally, the ceremony comes to a close as volunteers come in to relight the fire pots. In the middle of this are three floats that represent various elements of Chingay. A Lion float to represent courage, a condor float to stand for resilience, and a float of the God of Fire representing humanity’s Light of Hope.

Community Involvement

The Chingay committee is also making a call for Singaporeans to donate used woks and pots for the fulfillment of the “Parade of a Thousand Fires” that will be lit during the entire parade. Thirty community clubs are marked as the drop off points. The committee hopes to honor those who show great resilience despite the numerous challenges that the face.

A call for volunteers has also been sent out, and people are encouraged to sign up. Full commitment is required.

I am impressed by the preparations and effort being given to this long running celebrations. It may have started out small, but it has grown by leaps and bounds. Truly, it embodies the strong and resilient spirits of the Singaporeans.

Here’re the official Chingay Parada 2013 Videos:

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In 2013, the first day of Hari Raya Haji will fall on Thursday, October 15.

The Hari Raya Haji is a public holiday in Singapore, Malaysia, Brunei and Indonesia. In the predominantly Catholic Philippines, the holiday is not celebrated nationwide, but mostly in Mindanao and within the smaller Muslim communities scattered throughout the country. However, the government recognizes its importance to its Muslim citizens, and often consider it as a public holiday.

Origins

The story of the prophet Ibrahim, or Abraham as he is more known to the Western world, is a familiar tale to the people of various faiths. Ibrahim was an old man when God blessed him with the birth of his son Ishmael. When the boy was 13 years old, Ibrahim had a recurring dream where God asked him to sacrifice his son. Despite his deep sorrow, Ibrahim knew that he had to follow and told his son. Ishmael didn’t think twice, and agreed that Ibrahim should do as God asked. When Ibrahim was ready to slaughter his own son, the boy remained unharmed. Instead, they found a dead ram which they offered up to God in the boy’s stead. Ibrahim had passed the test which showed his devotion to God.

Journey to Mecca

For the Muslims, the biggest act of devotion to their faith that one must do is to make the holy pilgrimage to Mecca, particularly if you have the financial means and the physical strength to do such a task. The end of the month long journey is a cause for celebration, thus the observance of Hari Raya Haji.

Traditions

Prayers are performed by the men in the various mosques in their area. Sermons are read out and the devout reflect in the messages in these passages. Afterwards, male volunteers participate in “korban”, or sacrificial rites of rams, sheep and cow hosted by several mosques across the country. In Singapore, most of the livestock for the sacrifice had to be imported and distributed months ahead in order to cover the demand. Well-off Muslim families would often donate any one of these animals to a mosque.

The meat will then be distributed through the Muslim community, particularly to the less fortunate. The holiday is also a reminder for people to be thankful and share the blessings and wealth they have received.

Activities

In the recent years, Hari Raya Haji has garnered attention from people of other faiths. While the traditional prayers and rites are reserved for the devout, many non-Muslims participate in the merrymaking afterwards. This is particularly true for countries that have a population with mixed faith, like in Singapore or Malaysia.

In Singapore, the center of such activities can be found in Kampong Glam and Geyland Serai. Shops filled with colorful wares and various types of food are set up and is open to all visitors. Houses and establishments around the area are decorated for the festivities, featuring flags and banners of the religious bent.

As with most Muslim communities, residents in Malaysia are expected to honor the day with new clothes and the presentation of delicacies and sweets. It is also important for them to spend the day with families and loved ones. As it is a public holiday, banks are closed but all other establishments remain open. It is also interesting to note that Malaysian embassies all over the world observe this holiday, albeit in less grandiose scale.

Photo Credit : Erwin Soo

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Hari Raya Puasa marks the end of Ramadan, the holy month of fasting for the Islam. It occurs on the first day of the 10th month, Shawwal. Like most Islamic holidays, the date follows the Islamic lunar calendar and varies when the Gregorian calendar is referred to.  In 2013, Hari Raya Puasa falls on August 8-9 in Malaysia and Indonesia, and only on August 8 in Singapore.

What is Ramadan?

Muslims all over the world observe Ramadan, the ninth month of the Islamic calendar, with month-long fasting. This yearly tradition is considered as one of the Five Pillars of Islam, and is an obligation for all healthy, adult Muslims.  Fasting begins from dawn and lasts until sunset, and is a time when they follow and reflect upon the teachings of Islam while abstaining from solid foods, liquids, intimate relations and arguments.

Hari Raya Puasa Celebrations

In Southeast Asia, Hari Raya Puasa is a major holiday for many countries in the region, particularly in Singapore, Malaysia and Indonesia.

The basic celebration for the Muslims in these countries are similar. The day begins with a light meal before heading out to the mosques for prayers while dressed in their best clothing. Afterwards, they visit family and friends to greet them a “Happy Eid” and ask forgiveness for their past transgressions.

In Singapore, the holiday is considered to be one of the biggest holidays. Shops prepare for the faithful who will shop for new things like clothes, shoes and food that will be used in the celebrations. Muslim communities in the country like Geylang Serai and Kampong Glam will have Ramadan bazaars that feature food and other items for sale. There are activities like the Great Hari Raya Light Up, a festival of lights, lanterns and loud firecrackers to mark the celebrations.  As it is a public holiday, most government offices and banks are closed for the festivities. Some private offices also close down, but this is on the discretion of the management.

Muslim-Singaporeans consider this a day for feasting, and often prepare traditional dishes like beef rendang, ketupat, lontong, cookies and other sweets.

In Malaysia, it is not unusual for people to travel back to their hometowns, no matter how far it is. This homecoming is called “balik kampung”. When greeting each other, they say Selamat Hari Raya” which means, “Wishing you a joyus day in celebration”.

Like in other Muslim communities, the Muslim-Malaysians don their best traditional cultural dress. Many also follow the practice of visiting the graves of family members and loved ones and offer prayers for them.

Some Muslims in major Malaysian cities would decorate their homes and hold an open house to welcome people to their homes as part of the Hari Raya Puasa celebrations. Some also light firecrackers, but these have been limited in the recent years to prevent injuries to the merrymakers.

In Indonesia, Lebaran is likewise an occasion to come home and celebrate the festivities with the family. On the days leading to Lebaran, business picks up tremendously as everyone shops for items needed, particularly new clothes to wear on this occasion. Traffic can become a huge problem as the whole of Jakarta would make an exodus to their home provinces which could lead to gridlocks for hours on end. But this exodus makes the now nearly-deserted capital tempting to explore without the heaving chaos that sometimes make Jakarta suffocating.

Southeast Asia is a region of people who practice different faiths. Despite this, it has been customary for non-Muslims to show respect for those who follow the Islamic faith. Some even participate in the festivities after the traditional rituals of prayer. In the Philippines, the event is known as Eid al-Fitr and has been recognized as a regular holiday for the entire nation in respect for the sizeable Muslim population in the country.

Difference from Hari Raya Haji

Both Hari Raya Puasa and Hari Raya Haji are about thanksgiving, strengthening of family ties, and reaffirming the precepts of Islamic faith. In both holidays, Muslims spend time in prayer and afterwards visit core family (first), relatives (next), friends and business associates (later) to seek reconciliation or reaffirm good relations.

Hari Raya Haji, on the other hand, is more about making sacrifices. It is a dual celebration to mark the end of the yearly pilgrimage called Hajj, as well as the commemoration of the prophet Ibrahim’s willingness to sacrifice his son Ishmael as commanded by Allah. As such, Hari Raya Haji involves the slaughter of animals like sheep, goat and cow, and afterwards, the distribution of their meat to the poor and needy.

In conclusion, both Hari Raya shows the depth of the Muslims’ devotion and their commitment to further strengthen the unity with their brethren in faith.

Photos by coolinsights, chooyutshing, Meutia Chaerani, Tianyake and chooyutshing

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