Cultural Diversity

Like most of the Southeast Asian countries, Malaysia is composed of people from various ethnicities, cultures and faiths. It’s main ethnic groups are the Malays, the Chinese and the Indians. While the culture of these groups remain individually strong among the modern Malaysians, many habits, etiquette and practices are influenced by the British colonizers. Further signs of these influences can also be seen in food, art, architecture and even political practices.

Malaysia has approximately 137 living languages that is spoken throughout the country. However, the official language is a standard form of Malay language called Malaysian, while English is the second language and used for teaching math and science in public schools. Dialects of Chinese such as Cantonese and Mandarin are used by the Chinese-Malaysians, while Tamil is used by the Malaysian Indians. As a tourist, don’t be surprised to hear different languages and tones wherever you go. Don’t be afraid to speak up in English though, as people do understand and speak it.

City Life and Festivals

Most visitors to Malaysia come to the nation’s capital first. They usually stay a few days in one of the Kuala Lumpur hotels and explore the very modern city, which is still full of history and culture.  Have a photo taken at the iconic Petronas Twin Towers, or shop around the local bazaars and stores for souvenirs. Take look around the city’s various temples and mosques. Malaysia’s constitutions states that Islam is the country’s official religion, but it also makes provisions for a genuine religious freedom.

Many traditions and festivals are strongly rooted in religion, and Malaysia observes quite a number of these each year. Among the holidays that the whole country observes is Hari Merdeka (Independence Day), Labour Day, and the King’s Birthday. Holidays that are specific to certain religion are also observed and respected. Islamic holidays number the most, such as Hari Raya Puasa and Hari Raya Haji. Holidays like the Chinese New Year and Thaipusam are also widely celebrated. Don’t be surprised if your visit to Malaysia would coincide with a holiday. Consider it a cultural education and enjoy yourself.

If you want to learn more about Malaysia, try visiting one of the museums that can be found in KL.  The Petronas Gallery is easily accessible, while the National Museum of Malaysia holds a rich display of artefacts that show the country’s history and growth. However, the various cities and towns of Malaysia, such as Malacca, are historical locations in itself.

Beach Getaways and Adventure

Outside Kuala Lumpur, your choices are endless. Malaysia’s landscape gives it a very tropical feel, yet there are places around the country that are different from the usual beaches and tropical getaways. For those who wish to take a relaxing beachside vacation, Langkawi in the state of Kedah is the most popular choice among travelers. For those who like to dive, Layang-Layang is considered to be the best because of the very diverse marine life. Tioman in the state of Pahang is also a popular choice, not to mention Kota Kinabalu in Sabah.

For a the more adventurous travelers, you can chose to explore the forests that cover about two-thirds of Malaysia. Langkawi has three geoparks you can choose from, while Kota Kinabalu offers majestic wildlife up the slopes of Mt. Kinabalu. Taman Negara National Park in Pahang also offers great tours and lets you experience life in a rainforest.

Travelers seeking reprieve from the country’s consistent tropical and humid weather by visiting  the hill station Cameron Highlands and hilltop resort, Genting Highlands.

Great Food Choices

All across the country, you will never be without great choices for mouthwatering food. KL offers a gamut of choices from hawker stalls to five star restaurants.  The Inner City of George Town in Penang offers traditional Chinese, Indian and Malay dishes, but you can also have your pick of dishes that are a fusion of the various cultural influences that make Malaysia a unique place to visit. In nearly all parts of the country, have your afternoon snack with traditional British tea, or the more traditional teh tarik, pulled tea made with black tea and condensed milk. Klang in Selangor offers the best choice for seafoods and is reputed to be the home of the best chicken claypot in the country.

Truly Asia

Malaysia markets itself as “Truly Asia” in their tourism ads, and rightly so. With its people, rich cultural heritage and respect for various faiths, Malaysia embodies the best of there is about  this part of the world.

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Of all the colonizers, China and France has had a lasting impression on the Vietnamese culture. Traces of these can be seen in many of the country’s architecture and cuisine. With its low cost of living and numerous places to explore, Vietnam is one of Southeast Asia’s favorite destination for travelers from all walks of life.

When to go

While most Southeast Asian countries have consistent weather seasons of dry and rainy throughout the year, Vietnam’s three regions experience distinct differences in its climate. Those in the North experience four seasons, with cold climates that drop down to 15°C during the winter months of November to March. April brings in the summer season, with some scattered rain showers. The warmest months occur during May to October, and expect it to be highly humid.

The South region experiences the typical tropical climate associated with most Southeast Asian nations with two main seasons of rainy and dry. The dry season from February to April is expectedly hot, and starts to cool as the monsoon months of May to November come in. Expect the rains to fall consistently during these months, so bring along an umbrella and lightweight rain gear. December to March brings about cooler weather, and would be the best time to visit the region.

Central Vietnam offers an interesting balance between the other regions, with its coastal lowlands and central highlands. The coastal areas is considerably warmer compared to the other areas during summer, but are wet and cold during the monsoon season. The highlands also experience a higher amount of rainfall compared to the other areas of the country.

Visa

Most visitors arriving in Vietnam will need a visa to the country. Most Vietnamese visas can be acquired through the Vietnamese embassy or consulate of your country if you have one. These visas are commonly valid for single entry only, so if your travel plans include leaving and re-entering Vietnam from another country, make sure your visa allows multiple entries.

There is such a thing called “visa on arrival”, wherein a tourist will be given a Vietnamese visa upon arriving in the country. However, a letter of approval has to be secured prior to this, so make sure you have all your documents ready before you go. When in doubt, contact your local Vietnamese embassy or consulate.

Citizens of the following countries do not require a visa when visiting Vietnam: Denmark, Finland, Japan, Norway, South Korea, Sweden, Russia (15 day stay); Philippines (21 days); Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand (30 days).

Where to Go

Vietnam has three major international airports in Ho Chi Minh City, Hanoi and Da Nang. Visitors who come through any of these airports will have many places to visit without having to go far.

– Hanoi

Hanoi is a wonderful mix of the old and the new. Located on the Northern region of Vietnam, it’s a city found between rivers and features many scenic spots. The most well known of these lakes is Hoan Kiem or the Sword Lake and one of Hanoi’s cultural centers. Hanoi’s original facade can be seen when visiting the Old Quarter and walking along its streets, many of which are named after the specialization of the merchants who used to do business there. Nowadays the structures house restaurants and other businesses. Hanoi is also home to several museums, particularly the National Museum of Vietnamese History, Vietnam National Museum of Fine Arts and the Hanoi Hilton (formerly Hoa Lo Prison).

In Hanoi you can also see the strong influence of French colonial architecture. The tree-lined Phan Dinh Phung street, buildings like the Grand Opera House, Presidential Palace and the Saint Joseph Cathedral all show French sensibilities with a healthy dash of Vietnamese elements thrown in.

Travelers will not lack for entertainment options in Hanoi. Go see the Thăng Long Water Puppet Theater for some unique water puppetry. Or take your pick of the many theaters and cinemas around the area as well as the wide choices for shopping amenities.

– Ho Chi Minh City

Ho Chi Minh City is Vietnam’s largest city and located in the Southern region of the country. Formerly known as Saigon, it was renamed Ho Chi Minh in 1976 when Saigon merged with the Gia Định Province. It has many historical sites open to visitors, including the Reunification Palace (check out the 5th floor which is said to look just like it did back in 1975), the War Remnants Museum, and the City Hall (now called People’s Committee Hall). The Museum of Vietnamese History houses a collection of Vietnamese antiques, and the botanical garden outside makes for a nice reprieve from the heat and crowds.

While the country predominantly follows the Buddhist faith, Ho Chi Minh City has several religious sites. Numerous temples and pagodas dot the city. The Central Mosque was intended for Saigon residents from southern India, but has received Muslim visitors from all over the Southeast Asian region. The French-Catholic influence also left its mark with the Notre Dame Cathedral, which looks like the church in France that bears the same name.

– Da Nang

Da Nang is located in the Central region, and its airport is closest to Hoi An and the imperial capital Hue. For a bit of cultural experience, the Cham Museum features sandstone sculptures made by the Cham civilization. They were Hindu practitioners, so many of their creations feature the gods and goddesses of that faith, particularly that of Shiva. Visit nearby Mỹ Sơn after looking at the museum.

– Hoi An

Hoi An is a city south of Da Nang. Old Town, listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, merits a trip as it has plenty of historical sites you can visit including several museums, old houses and historical landmarks.

You may also want to try a Hoi An Eco Tour which gives you a glimpse into the town’s living historical and cultural heritage. To access parts Hoi An that you may miss in large tour groups, sign up for a Heaven and Earth Bicycle tour to explore local spots and hole-in-the-wall places.

Culture

Despite having a history of foreign occupation, Vietnam has held strongly to its roots. Majority of the people in the country are ethnic Vietnamese, with a strong Chinese community in Ho Chi Minh City. Numerous ethnic groups are scattered all over the country.

Mahayana Buddhism is the dominant religion, followed by the Cao Dai religion and Catholicism.

Officially, the language is Vietnamese, with many loan words from Chinese, French and English. In the old days, French was the approved secondary language and spoken by an older generation of educated Vietnamese, but is slowly being taken over by English. However, many younger folk are experiencing a revival of interest in French.

Gustatory Delights

Food is a big part of the Vietnamese culture. Expect a full feast every holiday or special occasions. Each region boasts of their own speciality, and it would do you good to sample as much as you can while you’re in the country. Many of the restaurants serve dishes that combine the best of various Asian cuisines. For the authentic Vietnamese fare, try one of the street-side eateries and take your pick from the regional specialties they offer.

Phở is the country’s most known dish, a broth with rice noodles and some meat (either chicken or beef). It is served plain, with plates of fresh herbs and condiments you can mix to your soup depending on your taste.

Costs and Bargaining

Many guides caution tourists on the widespread Vietnamese practice of overcharging. It is considered socially acceptable for tourists to be charged for services at a higher rate, on the basis that the country has quite a low cost of living. However, this practice has become less common since the early 1990s, and many offer a standard cost rate for goods and services. Before embarking on any trade, be clear on an agreed price and stick to it no matter what.

Vietnam is a country with close ties to its history, culture and traditions, but as the world changes, it adapts to embrace the modern lifestyle with it. Visitors will appreciate the old-world charm that seemingly transports them back to a different place and time.

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Visitors to Singapore will be forgiven when they think that they’re visiting just a city. In truth, Singapore is one of the world’s smallest countries, but because of its fast progress and prosperity, it holds its own against bigger cities and countries across the world. Its multi-cultural and multi-ethnic population.

Before traveling to Singapore, it’s a great idea to acquaint yourself with some facts about this small but powerful country to make your stay more enjoyable.

Arriving in Singapore

Visitors to Singapore enter the country through the Changi Airport, one of the biggest and most efficient airports in the world. Immigration and Checkpoints Authority (ICA) offices make sure visitors meet the basic entry requirements.  Singapore also has strict laws when it comes to drugs and armed weapons. Better to err on the side of caution and stay clean.

Singapore is near the equator so its weather is warm for most of the year. Comfortable and lightweight clothing is the ideal wear, pairing with sunglasses and caps on sunny days.

People

The people of Singapore is a mix of many races and ethnicities, each with a strong sense of identity that holds fast to their own culture and traditions. There are enclaves around Singapore where ethnic groups have settled, and each one is very distinct and worth a visit. And because of this same diversity, Singapore celebrates holidays and festivals from various beliefs and faiths.

Because of this diversity, Singapore is also home to many expatriates. Many foreign companies from the United States, Europe and all over Asia expand their businesses here. Don’t be surprised to hear English, French, Spanish, Japanese and especially Filipino when commuting. While most Westerners are scattered all over the city, many Asian groups would converge at certain places, particularly on weekends.

Cuisine

Singapore also has a very rich cuisine, thanks to the many cultures that influenced it over the years. Hawker centers offer the best of Singaporean cuisine. While some places like Chinatown and Little India offer specialities, most hawker centers have a wide array of Singaporean dishes that can be mind-boggling. The Old Airport Road Food Center is considered to be the best, and your choices include tasty hokkien mee, satay, Hainanese curry rice and dumplings like xiao long bao. Hawker centers by the beach like East Coast Lagoon Food Center offers a relaxing food experience by the beach. Smaller hawker centers can be found in most neighborhoods, particularly near budget hostels that are geared mostly for backpackers who might be hungry after a day of exploring. For affordable but delicious and filling meals, hawker centers are a traveler’s dream.

In Sentosa and Marina Bay Sands, your food choices are further multiplied as you can take you take your pick from quick eateries, casual dining restaurants or five star and celebrity restaurants. The Sands Skypark offers breathtaking views of the city as you enjoy your meal. For those who want something familiar, international fast food chains like Kentucky Fried Chicken and McDonald’s are also available around Singapore.

Lost? Never Fear!

Even if you’re not good with directions, you shouldn’t worry about getting lost in Singapore. Maps and guides can be picked up at the airport. Most Singapore hotels offer guide services that provide you with tips on the best ways to travel around the city. Train stations often have maps and signs showing where you are, not to mention what places can be found nearby. While nationals speak in a variety of languages including Malay, Mandarin Chinese and Tamil, English is widely used particularly among the younger generation. Signs and directions are also written in English. But you’re really confused about where you are and where to go, don’t be afraid to ask.

Getting Around

Visitors to Singapore will most likely congregate at its central business district, where most of the shopping, entertainment and nightlife can be found. However, it is easy enough to get to the different districts. Singapore boasts of the a very organized and easy to follow public transportation system.

The easiest way to get around Singapore is by taking the train. A network of trains make most of the city-state accessible to visitors, and all train lines under the Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) and Light Rail Transit (LRT) make use of  contactless RFID tickets. These tickets can be purchased for single use/one-time ride, but regular riders purchase cards that can easily be reloaded for multiple use.

Buses and cabs are also one way to get around. The same cards for the trains can be used on the bus lines and provide a convenient way to pay for your trip. Cabs are a little more to get a hold of because of their smaller numbers and can be cheaper for those traveling in groups.

What to Do

Singapore is the Southeast Asian shopping Mecca, with multiple shopping spots to satisfy the consummate shopaholic. Shops with local brands stand side by side with international named brands, making it a mind-boggling smorgasbord of shopping choices. The variety of options alone makes for a top tourist draw, and merchandise ranges from designer clothes, electronics, art and crafts, and even furniture. Chinatown is great for buying souvenirs, while Funan Digital Life Mall is the place to go to buy reasonably priced and good quality electronics.

If shopping is not your thing, you can head over to Universal Studios in Sentosa. A popular destination for families and groups of friends, the park is divided into several zones with specific themes, most of which is based on popular Universal Studios movies like Jurassic Park, Waterworld, The Mummy, Madagascar and Shrek. My favorite ride was the Cylon vs. Human roller coaster of Battlestar Galactica. It’s definitely not for the weak of heart.

Among the other attractions you must see when in Singapore is the Night Safari, a 35-hectare park that is home to a hundred or more various species. You can also take a trip on the giant Ferris Wheel, the Singapore Flyer, for an aerial, 360-view of Singapore. Tickets to the Flyer will give you a free pass to the Journey of Dreams, a multi-media interactive showcase about the Singapore Story and the Flyer. There is also a rainforest that you can walk in in the middle of the Flyer atrium.

City in a Garden transformation

Singapore is also known as the “Garden City”, but its government is making the move to transform it to a “City in a Garden” by enhancing the city’s greenery and flora. Gardens by the Bay is a key part of this project, and it stands on 250 acres of reclaimed land near the Marina Reservoir. It has three waterfront gardens that visitors can explore, and you will appreciate the combination of sustainable technology and nature. Check out the Supertrees that can be found all over the Garden and reaches up to 160 ft. These Supertrees not only serve as decoration, but are also home to various species of ferns, orchids, vines and other plants. Supertrees also function as the conservatories’ cooling systems.

But don’t despair if you’ve decided to save up and minimize your expenses. There are plenty of things that you can do in Singapore for free.

Half the fun of traveling is discovering things that are not in any tour guide. After checking out the things we’ve mentioned here, why not go off the beaten path and find out just how amazing Singapore is? Enjoy!

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Thailand is one of Southeast Asia’s most desirable vacation destinations, and for excellent reasons. Endowed with misty mountainscapes in the north and northeast, dotted with thousands of colorful and architecturally ornate wats all over, lined with white sand beaches and turquoise waters in the south, deeply steeped in Buddhist history, infused with Khmer, Lao, Cambodian and Malaysian cultures, and peppered with spices, Thailand can serve whatever cup of tea a traveler prefers. For this reason, it is mecca to an average of 10 million tourists a year, ranging from budget backpackers to well-heeled travelers, and everyone in between.

When to Go to Thailand

Monsoons drive Thailand weather, but so does geography. While the south is prone to changes in the prevailing winds, the north and northeast weather are more influenced by altitude and mountainous landscapes. Given these variations, it helps to see the weather patterns by region.

• Northeastern Thailand. Cool but relatively dry months are from November to February, and wet months are from June to October. The months of March to May are hot and humid.
• Northern Thailand. It can be chilly from October until February, while the weather starts getting warm by March and steamy by April. Rains start to come in May and last until September.
• Central Thailand. The months of November until January are pleasant months in Bangkok and surrounding central plains because it is cool and dry. The months of February until June can be sticky and hot, while July through October can be very soggy.
• Southeastern Thailand. There are only two seasons on this side of the Gulf of Thailand: hot and humid from January to August, and very wet from September to December.
• Southwestern Thailand. The coastal areas facing the Andaman Sea experience the same weather patterns as those facing the Gulf, but in reverse: April to October are the wettest months, while November to March are relatively dry and hot.

Getting to Thailand

Most international flights land in the newer Suvarnabhumi International Airport in the capital, Bangkok. Other international (mostly Asian) flights and most domestic flights land in the older Don Mueang International Airport which is also in the capital. Pattaya, Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Hat Yai and Phuket all have international airports, but mostly serve direct flights from neighboring Southeast Asian countries and domestic flights from regional airports.

Thailand can also be accessed overland. From Cambodia, travelers can cross the border from Siem Reap at Poi Pet to Aranyaprathet. Those coming from Laos may take the Friendship Bridge which spans the Mekong River (forming a natural boundary between the two countries) and connects the Lao capital Vientiane to Nong Khai.

Travelers from the south may drive up from Malaysia through these towns on its side of the border: Padang Besar, Bukit Kayu Hitam, the Songkhla province, and Pengkalan Hulu and Rantau Panjang. Those who travel by bus from Singapore and enter Thailand do so at Hat Yai.

There are presently two entry/exit crossings from Myanmar: Tachileik to Mae Sai on the Thailand side, and Kawthoung to Ranong.

Getting Around Thailand

In Bangkok, the most common means of transport are taxicabs (expensive) and ‘tuktuk’ (cheap). Tuktuks refer to auto rickshaws or motorized three-wheels with cabs; Thais call them ‘saamlaw.’ There are four-wheeled ‘tuktuks’ in Phuket which are essentially microvans instead of three-wheeled motorcycles.

Like any capital city, Bangkok has light-rail public transport, but it is the only Thai city with above-ground and underground rail system, known as the Skytrain and the Metro, respectively.

Motorcycle taxis or ‘mawtoesai rap jaang’ are also popular, but only for travelers with light or no luggage at all. These unsheltered 100cc to 125cc motorcycles can be rented with a driver for short-distance travel in Bangkok, or long-haul trips to the capital’s outskirts.

The Chao Phraya River was once Bangkok’s main artery, and still is, so getting around by boat is also an option, as there are still open waterways that are used for ferrying passengers and floating markets. Travelers can get to their destinations, especially west of Chao Phraya, onboard ‘klongs’ or long-tailed water taxis. The major departure area is Tha Chang for passengers bound to Thonburi.

In Bangkok and in major cities and big towns, the ‘sawngthaew’ are converted pick-up trucks that seat passengers in ‘two rows’ (which is its English translation). These conveyances are as extensive in network as the public buses, but are generally operated for mid-range trips. They are color-coded so that each color corresponds to a group of destinations and ply established routes over shorter distances. They can be rented like taxis, but may charge similar prices as the cabs.

Non-motorized ‘saamlaw’ or bicycle rickshaws/pedicabs are ubiquitous all throughout the country but not in the capital city.

For mid- to long-range travel around the country, public buses of various comfort levels – local buses are cramped, while super-VIP buses have sufficient legroom, have onboard toilet and are air-conditioned – pick up passengers along pre-determined routes and have terminals at every province. Non-government VIP buses are usually minivans that collect passengers beyond capacity so the conveyance ends up cramped and the traveler gets less value for his or her fare.

Motorcycle and car rentals are also another option for travelers who are willing to pay the price in exchange for comfort and time saved. There are reputable international chains that operate out of Bangkok and other high-density tourist areas, so beware of companies that require passport as collateral for vehicle rental. Insist on paying cash instead.

The government has also a well-managed rail network that traverses the northern, southern, northeastern and eastern Thailand. These are more convenient options than buses when longer journeys are required, and are recommended for travelers who want to enjoy the sights of the country along the way. For travelers who are time-compressed and would rather get from one destination to another while saving vacation time, flying to the next domestic airport is more sensible and, surprisingly, on the budget.

Accommodations in Thailand

Catering to a staggering 10 million visitors a year means that Thailand has developed an extensive accommodation infrastructure that caters to any budget, from ‘mattress in a box’ style of accommodation along Khao San Road in Bangkok to plush hotels in touristy areas and luxury resorts that charge a minimum of 4,000 Baht (US$130) a night. With a wide variety of accommodations, travelers don’t have any trouble booking a hotel in Bangkok or any other city in Thailand.

In between, there are guesthouses that can be had for as low as 100B a night, featuring a room with a fan, a shared toilet and shower. A dorm bed can be rented for a lot less than 100B, but amenities, as expected, are limited to only the most basic.

In areas that receive sizable foreign guests, there are guesthouses that have 24/7 hot shower, television, mini-fridge, wireless Internet connection, balconies and Westernized toilets. The Westernized versions of these guesthouses are hostels, but they can be more expensive and less private than budget stays.

From here, travelers can have a range of options for mid-priced accommodation. Boutique hotels are available in resorts and popular island destinations, but are generally scarce in smaller towns in the provinces (where guesthouses are more popular and cost-efficient).

What to Do in Thailand

As a country of considerable size and endless attractions, Thailand has practically everything for everyone, and the more than 20 million tourists it welcomed this year prove that claim. Thailand holidays run the gamut of lavish to practical, heavenly to more down-to-earth: From paradisiacal white sand tropical vacations to luxurious honeymoon retreats in its mountain resorts, to tramping the jungles and trekking remote Buddhist temples, to riding the elephants or riding the waves, Thailand offers a plethora of adventures for both the traveler who wants to rough it and the vacationer who wants to have nothing but pampering and good time.

The north and northeastern regions are rife with opportunities to trek the jungles and stay overnight with hill tribes, ride the elephants and interact with wildlife, soak in hot springs and stand near waterfalls, or discover Khmer ruins and thousands of Buddhist wats that dot the region.

Bangkok and the plains of Central Thailand offer both divine and mundane experiences in one neat, and sometimes riotous, package.  Temples that glisten along the Chao Phraya are as visual delights as the floating markets of Ratchaburi, and Thai massage is as relaxing to the body as it is to the spirit.

The southern provinces that face the Gulf of Thailand and Andaman Sea, notably Ko Samui and Phuket, respectively, beckon with cobalt blue waters and endless stretches of white sand, promise spectacular sunsets, bedazzle with colorful marine life, and inspire solitary wanderings along miles of quiet beaches.

Culturally, Thailand is Buddhist temple overload, as literally thousands of them are spread across the land. Sukhothai and Ayutthaya, first and second capitals of Siam (as Thailand was then known) are both cultural magnets, since well-preserved ruins and centuries-old Buddha figures and relics still stand.

As much as Thailand is steeped with Buddhist symbolism and festivities, it is also a full-blown destination of hedonism and nightlife that is best expressed in Full Moon parties. Outside of Bangkok, Pattaya is in the center of it all.

Thailand is equally famous for its curry-based cuisine. Authentic Thai meal is a treat unto itself, be it enjoyed on the streets or plush banquet that feature royal cuisine.

The Land of Smiles maybe a very well-trodden path for the millions of travelers looking Southeast for their vacations, but the country has managed to cling unto its spiritual and cultural essence whilst offering the comforts and convenience that would make any holiday memorable. For this alone, it is worth leaving the confines of one’s own familiar environment, and dive into an exotic land that promises to enchant.

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Famous as the Dutch East Indies in 18th century, Indonesia attracts travelers today in the same way it beckoned merchant ships braving the open ocean in search of valuable spices. Although there are clear favorites that leave travelers yearning for more, there are legions of islands and remote corners that beg exploration. Not surprisingly, Indonesia is often depicted as the last frontier of adventure and discovery, overloading the senses with the sublime and mundane, and every little thing in between.

When to Go to Indonesia

Indonesia makes it easy for the traveler to decide when to visit the country. As an equatorial destination, it has only wet and dry seasons. Rains start coming down in October and increase in intensity through April, while the weather turns nicer and hotter starting May and becomes relentlessly hot until September.

There are regional variations in these two seasons: Some parts of Indonesia are only hotter during the summer and less so during the rainy season, whereas others experience marked difference in dry and wet by the occurrences of drought and flooding, respectively.

The wet season in Indonesia should not deter an eager traveler, but they should be advised that rains can fall non-stop during this period, and this makes back roads impassable if not altogether flooded. Airline and ferry schedules are often subject to cancellations or postponement during the wet season, so flexibility is key when traveling to Indonesia during the rainy months.

Getting to Indonesia

The main entry points to Indonesia are in Jakarta, the country’s capital, and Denpasar, Bali’s capital. Both gateways receive and dispatch international flights daily, and hosts domestic flights to and from busy corners of the country. Sumatra, Java, Lesser Sunda and Sulawesi are major islands with connecting flights to other regional hubs like Singapore, Kuala Lumpur, Bangkok and other Southeast Asian capitals. Along with Maluku and Papua, these provinces are also major airline hubs of domestic flights.

By land, Indonesia can be accessed from the Malaysian town of Tebedu in Sarawak through the West Kalimantan town of Entikong.

By sea, dozens of crossings are scattered across the Sumatra-Peninsular Malaysia border, East Kalimantan-Sabah, and Straits of Singapore and Riau Islands.

Getting Around in Indonesia

Being a widely scattered archipelagic country, Indonesia has a legion of marine vessels that are indispensable to mobility. Sumatra, Java, Bali, Nusa Tenggara and Sulawesi are all interconnected by a nautical highway serviced by both government-run and privately operated marine vessels plying the routes daily or several times a week. Ferry schedules in Indonesia, however, have a reputation for being cancelled or rescheduled at the last minute (especially during the wet season), so flexibility and patience are required along with important travel documents.

Airlines are also getting their fair share of domestic passengers who want to skip the discomfort of long rickety rides and inconvenience of delayed ferries. But even they are not immune to last-minute postponements or cancellations. Nonetheless, airlines offer competitive advantages over ferries, especially now that there is an increasing volume of flights to and from major regional hubs.

Provincially, you can get around using buses and trams, particularly in Java, Sumatra and Bali. Trains are comfortable means of transport and only exclusive in Java and Sumatra. Within the cities, particularly in Jakarta, taxicabs are another comfortable option, although buses are far cheaper if a traveler does not mind squeezing in with all other (local) passengers and endure the slow-going and bumpy ride that it is characteristic of Indonesian public transport.

Locally, you can get around Jakarta on “bajaj”, the Indonesian equivalent of Thai “tuktuk” and Filipino tricycle. “Angkutan kota” (known as “mikrolet” in Sulawesi) are blue minivans that seat up to 8 passengers and ply fixed routes. Commuter trains also connect Jakarta to Bekasi and Bogor, and from Bogor to Jatinegara. From there, the railway fans out to Tanah Abang, Serpong, Duri and Tangerang.

In other major cities, other popular transport includes “becak” or bicycle rickshaws with the passengers out front and the driver at the back. It is a rough equivalent of the Filipino “padyak”, except that the driver sits on the left side of the passengers. Becaks, however, are not allowed to ply the main streets, but are excellent transport for back streets in paved roads.

“Dokar” are horse-drawn two-wheeled carts that are widely used all over the country. They are often bedecked with bells and colorful motifs. A “dokar” seats three to four passengers on benches arranged on either side, but expect that they can be crammed with families along with their personal effects to maximize fare.

Chartering “dokar” and “becak” for getting around anywhere locally can be done reasonably if you negotiate before you board the conveyances.

In Java, a larger version of “dokar” called “dilman” carries up to six passengers, while in northern Sulawesi, the two-passenger version of “dokar” called “bendi” is handy in narrow streets and short distances. “Mikrolet” is another favored means of transport in Sulawesi, a minibus that seats two passengers next to the driver and seven on the back facing forward.

“Ojeks” are another (rough) way to get around town especially on impossible (or impassable) roads. These are motorcycle conveyances that you can flag down in bus terminals, markets and busy junctions.

Bicycles, while very eco-conscious and extremely healthy to getting around than plain walking, are best ridden in compact regions like Bali. Elsewhere, bicycles are not (human) energy-efficient and time-saving way to go because of the sheer distance of getting from one point to another. But if coupled with train or bus and even ferry rides, bicycles are nifty conveyances that could get a traveler anywhere.

Driving your own vehicle in Indonesia can be a scary experience if you are not used to jaywalking pedestrians, ox carts on the roads, daring drivers, vehicle parking on narrow shoulders, and driving on the left side.

Accommodations in Indonesia

As a whole, the price range, quality and quantity of accommodation in Indonesia are influenced by the number of tourists that visit the area. The highly touristed the area, the cheaper, more plentiful and better the accommodations, while the less touristed it is, the fewer and more expensive the accommodations. Hence, Bali offers a plethora of lodging that caters to budgets of all types, whereas under-touristed areas typically offer basic to mid-range accommodation that end up more expensive when compared with Bali’s.

Where to Go in Indonesia

The sheer immensity of the archipelago makes it difficult to whittle down the list to a short one, but here are some of the best places in Indonesia to get started.

– Bali

The mere mention of Bali conjures a tranquil rural paradise surrounded by magnificent natural endowments that seem to have been heaped in one place, making other destinations inadequate in comparison. Carpeted by lush rice paddies; fringed by scrumptious beaches (down in Kuta), rugged coastlines, excellent dive and surf spots (also in Kuta); and strewn with volcanic hillsides, Bali also tantalizes the senses with its vibrant visual arts culture (in Ubud) and soothes the troubled body and soul with its unrivaled spa industry and deep Hindu spirituality.

– Java

The most densely populated island in the world which is home to 135 million souls is also home to the popular coffee beans and/or coffee that we know as Java (which inspired the moniker of a computer programming language), grown in the vast coffee plantations of this once Dutch stronghold. Jakarta, the capital of Indonesia, is found on its western end, itself a worthy destination to experience if only for its sheer vastness in population density and cultural mash-ups. When Jakarta starts to get into your nerves (which it definitely will given the mayhem of 10 million people – 28 million including the suburbs – trying to fit in 661 square kilometers), escape to East Java to breathe a lungful of fresh air and take in staggering scenery at Mount Bromo, a constantly brewing reminder that Indonesia is a living, heaving confluence of tectonic plates. For a deeply spiritual and serene experience, head to Yogyakarta in Central Java and say your fervent prayers in the world’s largest Buddhist temple, the Borobudur.

– Sulawesi

Sulawesi gets its fair share of tourist curiosity because of its Rorschach-like inkblot shape that was the product of eons of tumultuous tectonic activity. Culturally, Sulawesi is the home of the landlocked people of Tana Toraja who are world-renowned for their intriguing funeral rites, bull-horn roof architecture (some say boat-like roof architecture) and buffalo cult. Underwater, Bunaken Marine Park, on the northern tip of this big island, is a heaving marine metropolis of western Pacific denizens, 70% of them flitting in and out of these waters between April and November.

– Borneo

The Bornean jungles stir something primitive in the unconscious. The Tanjung Puting National Park in Central Kalimantan is where that curiosity can be slaked to the full. Orangutans in their full natural splendor swing from tree to tree in the park, while on the forest floor pythons, sun bears, clouded leopards, and the giant parasitic flower rafflesia, among others, live in ecologic harmony despite increasing threats from agricultural clearing and illegal logging.

– Sumatra

Lest you forget that Indonesia is a living fire-breathing giant, head to Sumatra for a humbling lesson in geology. An army of almost 100 volcanoes is spread out in the land, several capable of blowing off their tops like an armed platoon gone wild. For a visual clue of what the aftermath might look like, head to Lake Toba, the biggest caldera on Earth described as “a lake on an island within a lake on an island.” To the west of Sumatra, the largest stronghold of matrilineal society is kept alive by the Minangkabau, another humbling reminder that men do not always wear the pants.

– Lombok

When longing for some tropical escape without the noise or pollution (or the smoldering volcanic fumes), head to the three “Gili” (small islands) of Trawangan, Meno and Air. Swing to the beat of reggae and float without care in the turquoise-tinted waters teeming with brightly colored coral reefs and turtles, sharks and rays.

– Western New Guinea

Very few primitive societies survive for 21st century scholars to study. But in Baliem Valley in the highlands of Western New Guinea, a stone-age backdrop unfolds revealing the recently (1938) “discovered” people called Dani.

– Lesser Sunda Islands

The real-life Jurassic Park is at the Komodo National Park in the islands of Komodo, Padar and Rincah. The komodo dragons are the world’s largest and most voracious lizards, capable of growing up to 3 meters long and weighing up to 150 pounds in the wild. They are sneaky predators, setting up ambush to hunt their prey, which does not exclude humans.

– Flores

One of the volcanic islands of Lesser Sunda, Flores flaunts with her multi-colored crater lakes, delectable beaches and achingly beautiful offshore scenery. The terrain could easily exhaust an impatient traveler’s nerves, but the jaw-dropping views compensate for whatever trouble its serpentine topography might present.

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Not all tourists coming to the country may know this widely disseminated fact – save for the fact perhaps that Philippines is divided into three major island groups of Luzon, Visayas and Mindanao – so they are pleasantly surprised that there are treasures by the boatload waiting to be explored if they carve enough time. Be it for an intrepid backpacker wanting to trail-blaze undiscovered paths, or families looking to get away from the stresses of urban life, or couples desiring to have some alone time together, the Philippines never disappoints.

When to Go to the Philippines

Being a tropical country, the Philippines is abundantly blessed with sunshine even during the monsoons. From June to October, however, the monsoons predominate, and rains could go on unremitting for days, flooding the capital city, Manila, and the rest of low-lying areas in urban centers and the countryside. The drier months are between November to May, with December to February cooler and breezier than the rest. This is the start of the peak tourist season. Tourist traffic gets heavier in the hotter months of March, April and May, with the Holy Week as the heaviest as Filipinos get time off work and unwind in the country’s top summer destinations.

All throughout the year, at least 20 typhoons visit the country, regardless of the season. It can be sunny one day and stormy the next, although the reverse is also true: While Manila is battered with gusty winds during the wet season, some parts of the country can be summer dry and altogether tropical.

Getting to the Philippines

The Philippines’ main transport hub for international flights is in Metro Manila. This is where travelers from the Americas, Europe, Africa and the rest of Asia touch down, whereas flights from neighboring Southeast Asian countries may also land in any one of these regional hubs: Pampanga in Northwestern Luzon, Cebu in Central Philippines, and Davao in Southern Philippines. From there, travelers can fly to Manila in less than or equal to one hour, and vice versa.

Getting Around the Country

Apart from various domestic airports that link the country’s capital with the provinces, travelers can also explore the country via “the nautical highway.” This mode of transport actually involves land vehicles that “roll on and roll off” maritime conveyances (hence the term “RORO) until they reach their intended destinations, and are especially convenient for travelers who want to get to Visayas (Central) and Mindanao (Southern) without booking a flight.

All over the country, the popular mode of public transport is the “jeepney”, a converted US Army jeep surplus that seats 8-10 passengers on two benches facing each other. This is the typical means of transport in urban areas, along with taxi cabs that are either metered or (haggled) fixed-price. Shared transportation options like air-conditioned vans are also popular, and are often cheaper over long distances compared to taxis.

In rural areas, transportation over short distances is accomplished by the “tricycle”, a three-wheeled motorcycle with a cab that shelters the driver and passengers, and acts as an extra storage for luggage such that anything of heft can be placed on the roof. The entire assembly can be covered in plastic when it rains. Ideally, tricycles should only seat up to 5 people including the driver, but given the propensity of Filipinos to squeeze as much mileage out of a gallon of gas, tricycles often seat up to 10 passengers (excluding the luggage) especially in areas where public transport is hard to come by.

Another three-wheeled man-powered conveyance is the “padyak” or “trisikad”, a cycle rickshaw that ferries up to two passengers over very short distances, as in one corner of the block to the other. These can be seen all over the country, even in highly urbanized centers, although they are only allowed in secondary and tertiary roads and not along main arteries.

Buses that seat up to 60 passengers provide medium- to long-range transport between the urban centers and rural areas. Buses come in varying comfort levels, and air-conditioned ones with toilets onboard are popular for long-distance travel, especially when rolling on and off seaports. With the country’s extensive RORO network, it is quite possible to travel from Manila to all points in Visayas and Mindanao aboard a bus.

“Double tires” are mini-buses or small trucks with two rows of benches facing each other, and both could seat up to 40. They can be rented for long-haul travel but normally ply the same established routes that standard buses take.

It is worthy to note that Filipinos are fond of, or forced by circumstances to, “top load” when out of sight of local traffic enforcers. When there is limited service available, passengers take their ‘seats’ on the roofs of buses, double tires and jeepneys, a natural extension of the Filipinos’ resourcefulness to make the most out of limited resources. While this can be fun and at times exhilarating, travelers need to be warned that “top-loading” is inherently risky and exempts the carriers from any liability whatsoever.

Accommodations in the Philippines

Plush accommodation for the discerning traveler abounds in Metro Manila, prime beach destinations like Palawan and Boracay, regional hubs like Cebu and Davao, and urban centers that are capital cities of their provinces. Mid-range accommodations are available not only in the Philippines’ major urban centers, but also in provincial cities and bigger towns. Bed and breakfast and budget accommodations are the norm in mid-sized cities and smaller towns, whereas homestays are great and budget-friendly options in destinations that have just entered the tourist scene (for lack of sufficient tourist infrastructure). Batanes, the Mountain Province, Palawan and Camiguin are just some of the destinations where guest overflow is absorbed by this improvised bed and breakfast. Cottages made of indigenous materials like bamboo and palm fronds are favored in beach and mountain resorts.

What to Do in the Philippines

There are P-L-E-N-T-Y of things to do in the land of 7,000. Not only is the Philippines blessed with achingly beautiful beaches, but it is also equally endowed with breathtaking mountainscapes, colorful underwater scenery teeming with marine life, mossy rainforests, cavernous caves and active tectonic zones. On top of its geography, the Philippines is one destination overloaded with religious festivals that are sanctioned by the Vatican and are offshoots of paganism. That alone is a chapter on its own.

Of the endless possibilities for outdoor adventure that one can engage in, below are some of the most famous activities that visitors and locals alike seem to enjoy wherever they may be in the country:

• Beach bumming – Palawan, Boracay, Camarines Sur, Camiguin, Bohol, Siquijor, and Cebu are just some of the top beaches in the country.

• Snorkeling – The aforementioned sites abound with colorful and lively marine life in the pelagic zone.

• Scuba Diving – The Philippines’ best is the UNESCO Heritage Site Tubbataha Natural Reefs just off the coast of Palawan. Some of the country’s best dive sites are found in Boracay, Cebu and Negros Island.

• Surfing – Camarines Sur in Luzon and Siargao in Mindanao are world-famous for their waves.

• Island-hopping. – With 7,000 islands, the mix of itineraries is endless.

• Mountain Climbing – Mt. Apo, the tallest in the Philippines located in Mindanao, is a favorite of local mountaineers; so is Mt. Pulag, the highest peak in Luzon, and Mt. Kanlaon that towers over the Visayas. Mt. Mayon in Central Eastern Luzon and Mt. Pinatubo in Northwestern Luzon are also among the most inviting (and along with Mt. Kanlaon, recently active).

• White-water Rafting – Cagayan de Oro in Mindanao is the go-to place of white-water enthusiasts.

• Parasailing – Boracay, Cebu, Subic (in Luzon) and Palawan have enough equipment and market to cater to this segment.

• Paraw (traditional outrigger sailboat) sailing – More leisurely and less adrenaline driven, paraw sailing is everywhere where there is open sea.

• Spelunking – Samar is the spelunking hotshot of the Philippines. The Puerto Princessa Underground River in Palawan is both for spelunking and river boating enthusiasts.

Indoors, nightlife is especially hectic and thumping in Metro Manila, Cebu and Davao, and provincial capital cities. The more mass-oriented, but no less riotous, entertainment is karaoke bars that can be found wherever there is electricity and alcoholic beverage.

Local fiestas (festivals) are also occasions to go out and let loose, and if travelers explore enough even just one province, they are likely to find out that they can get to every barrio (borough) everyday of the year and not run out of fiestas to attend.

All that, of course, is just the tip of the crater. There is so much going on deep in the earth that a few weeks’ trip to the Philippines is barely scratching the surface. Travelers who hang around long enough get to witness fireworks of cultural, religious, culinary and (literally) geological eruption that leaves them open-mouthed at the conflict of forces, both natural and man-made, that makes the Philippines both a marvel of nature and a curiosity of man.

Photo by Marc Veraart

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The lush tropical beauty of Pattaya regularly attracts countless visitors, as a wide array of sports, entertainment, attractions, and accommodations are available to cater to almost every preference imaginable. Solo travelers, couples, families, groups of friends, and even convention members all have something exciting to look forward to in Pattaya.

When to Go to Pattaya

The peak season for tourists in Pattaya coincides with the Christmas and New Year’s celebrations, which is also the period when the area enjoys the best weather. Prices for accommodations during this time are expected to be much higher compared to the rest of the year, so you can take this into consideration when planning on when to go to Pattaya for your trip; in some hotels and resorts, compulsory Christmas and New Year’s dinner fees are included in the rates – adding to the total lodging cost. The low season for travelers is between February and October to November, when accommodation rates are expected to go down.

Getting into Pattaya

Pattaya is easily accessible from Bangkok via road travel, with travel time taking approximately two hours depending on the traffic situation. There are two routes that can be taken to get into Pattaya: the Bang Na-Trat Highway (Highway 34), and the Bangkok-Chon Buri-Pattaya Motorway (Highway 7). Air-conditioned buses regularly depart every 30 minutes from Bangkok bus terminals to Pattaya, and you have the option of choosing a first class or a second class bus. Taxis and private vehicles can also take you to Pattaya from Bangkok for a fixed rate, while shared transportation options such as air-conditioned coaches or vans offer comfortable travel modes with a fraction of the cost of going for taxis/private cars.

Going Around

The most common mode of public transportation in Pattaya is the songthaew – covered pick-up trucks converted into small buses with rows of seats in the back, where people can sit and enjoy the ride to various destinations as a shared means of transportation. A local bus line, called the Beach Bus, operates a circular route around Pattaya. Taxis also operate in Pattaya, although meters are not usually used and you will have to negotiate (haggle) the fare with the driver before getting into the vehicle and starting the journey.

An interesting way to go exploring Pattaya is to rent a motorcycle, which is also the quickest way to go around the interesting destinations of Pattaya. You may be asked to provide a photocopy of your passport (along with the payment) when you rent the motorcycle, so it is best to be prepared with a photocopy; some renting establishments may ask for your passport to be deposited with them, and you should avoid doing this at all costs – just look around for a place where you can rent a motorcycle with just a photocopy of your passport as part of the security deposit. Moto-taxis, on the other hand, can be flagged down, and the driver can take you to your preferred destination around town.

Pattaya Accommodations

There is a wide variety of accommodations to choose from in Pattaya. Luxurious hotels and resorts offer world-class amenities and facilities for discerning travelers; these establishments can also host groups of people for conventions and other big gatherings. The smaller, quainter resorts and guesthouses, on the other hand, offer quality accommodations with more personalized service at a fraction of the cost of the bigger hotels and resorts in the area. Pattaya accommodations can also be chosen according to their location; there are several beach locations to choose from, so you can decide on your accommodation according to your beach of choice.

What to Do in Pattaya

Travelers flock to Pattaya mostly to enjoy the activities that are centered on the beaches. The three-kilometer long Pattaya Beach runs along the city center, and is just a few steps away from hotels, shopping malls, and restaurants that are all situated facing the beach. During the daytime, the beaches are popular spots not only for swimming, but also for water spots such as water skiing, jet skiing, windsurfing, parasailing, banana boat rides, and more.

Jomtien Beach, located in the southern part of the city, is a popular choice for those who want to enjoy the beach in a more tranquil setting, away from the hustle and bustle of the city center; this beach is more preferred by families with children, as the area is quieter and more conducive to relaxation. An amusement park, the Pattaya Park and Tower, is a favorite among families with its giant slides, a large whirlpool, and a revolving restaurant.

As the sun sets, the energy becomes even higher in the Walking Street area, where countless clubs, bars, restaurants, and other nightlife entertainment options are located. The street becomes a lively and energetic mix of people and activities, ideal for those who want to cap a full day of activities with even more excitement until the late night hours.

If you are looking for a more relaxing way to end a day filled with sight-seeing and exploration, you can go to one of the massage shops in Central Pattaya road or South Pattaya Road, where you can feel the stress and the tiredness being melted away from your body by your choice of a foot massage, Thai massage, reflexology massage, or oil massage.

Get to explore the rich cultural heritage of Thailand and the rest of Asia, while unleashing your artistic side, by going to one of the museums and galleries in town. The art works and exhibits in Liam’s Gallery are from all over Thailand, as well as the rest of Southeast Asia; the Anek Kuson Sala features exhibits of Chinese architecture, precious antiques, and specimens of fine arts. Pattaya is also home to the world-famous museum, Ripley’s Believe It or Not. Temples and sacred places are must-visit places to experience first-hand the beauty of their architecture, as well as the rich history of Buddhism in Thailand.

Animal lovers will have their hands full of places to explore in Pattaya. The Pattaya Elephant Village is an elephant camp that focuses on how elephants and their masters lead their daily lives. A one-hour elephant ride can also be experienced in this camp; stage shows demonstrating how elephants work in the jungle, how they play football, and a grand war elephants parade can also be enjoyed in the Elephant Village. Marvel at the Underwater World’s collection of marine species (found in the Gulf of Thailand) swimming in the 180-degree area, as you go through the acrylic pedestrian tunnel. Get ready to see hundreds of crocodiles, horses, albino bears, and other exotic and rare animals as you visit The Million Year Stone Park and Crocodile Farm.

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